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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2023年04期

页码:

131-139

栏目:

教育历史与文化

出版日期:

2023-08-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

On the Social Class Background of University Students in the Republican China Period: An Empirical and Quantitative Analysis Based on Historical Data

作者:

张铭雨¹ 李中清² 梁 晨³

1.北京师范大学 教育历史与文化研究院；2.香港科技大学 人文社会科学学院；3.南京大学 历史学院

Author(s):

ZHANG Ming-yu¹ LI Zhong-qing² LIANG Chen³

1.Institute of Education History and Culture, Beijing Normal University; 2.School of Humanities and Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 3.School of History, Nanjing University

关键词:

民国时期; 大学生; 社会阶层; 中产阶层; 量化历史

Keywords:

Republican China period;  college students;  social class;  middle class;  quantitative history

分类号:

G649.29

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

民国大学生的社会阶层来源问题是考察中国教育史中教育与社会流动关系如何演变的关键环节。本文在民国大学生量化数据库(CUSD-ROC)中大学生家庭职业类别数据量化分析结果的基础上,针对民国时期高等教育和中等教育的年均经济支出水平、民国时期城市和乡村的家庭收入结构、民国时期家庭规模等相关问题开展基于历史资料的实证考察,最终对中国近代大学生社会阶层的来源结构与来源主体进行较为合理的推断,本文认为,民国时期能够供养大学生的家庭在整个社会结构中所占的比例很低,这充分反映了民国时期高等教育机会分配机制的不平等。本文将为学界进一步探讨明清以降教育与社会流动关系的复杂历史流变提供必要的参考。

Abstract:

Examining the social class background of university students in the Chinese Republican period (1912-1949) is essential to understand the vicissitude of the interactions between education and social mobility in the larger context of the history of Chinese higher education. Through a quantitative analysis of the data on various social and economic backgrounds of university students in the Republican period derived from the CUSD-ROC database, this article aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the social class background of university students in the Republican era by examining the expense of higher and secondary education, the household income structure in urban and rural areas, and the average size of households. Comparing the social class background of university students and the ratio of different professions recorded in the CUSD-ROC database, we discussed the main source of university students in the Republican era. The findings provide necessary historical references for further academic discussion about the complicated relationship between education and social mobility from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republican period.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2023-08-20