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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2026年05期

页码:

145-155

栏目:

教育经济与财政

出版日期:

2026-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Will Fiscal Pressures Motivate Local Governments to Improve the Ef?ciency of Resource Allocation in Higher Education?

作者:

马浚锋 陈成

福建师范大学 教师教育学院

Author(s):

MA Jun-feng CHEN Cheng

School of Teacher Education, Fujian Normal University

关键词:

财政压力; 高等教育; 地方政府; 资源配置; 政府行为

Keywords:

?scal pressure;  higher education;  local government;  resource allocation;  governmental behavior

分类号:

G649.2

DOI:

10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.05.014511

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

中国现行的财政体制、晋升体制形塑着地方政府行为，使地方政府以历史上前所未有的经济主体角色参与高等教育事业发展，但财政压力是否会促使地方政府改善高等教育资源配置效率仍有待检验。结合2000-2021年我国境内31个省域的面板数据，在构建地方政府财政压力程度和高等教育资源配置效率指标的基础上，对两者的影响效应和非线性关系进行了实证检验和分析。研究发现，面对陡增的财政压力，地方政府倾向于调整财政支出行为，改善高等教育资源配置效率，且这种影响效应存在U型结构；机制分析表明，如果能够加强基础研究、提高国际化程度，通过高等教育数字化转型简化行政流程、建立技术市场交易平台，高等教育资源配置效率的改善就能够帮助地方政府缓解财政压力。展望未来，中央政府应将本地人才产出率指标纳入地方官员政绩考核体系中，打破传统“退休即离场”的考评惯习，将一定周期内的本地人才产出率作为地方官员的终身评价要素，以此推动地方政府财政支出偏好转向高等教育事业。

Abstract:

China’s current ?scal system and system for promoting of?cials shape local government behavior,leading local governments to play an unprecedented role as economic actors in the development of higher education. But whether fiscal pressure prompts local governments to improve the efficiency of resource allocation in higher education remains to be tested. Using panel data from 31 provincial-level regions in China for 2000-2021, this study constructs measures of local government ?scal pressure and the ef?ciency of resource allocation in higher education and empirically examines their relationship and its nonlinearity. It is found that in the face of sharply rising ?scal pressure, local governments tend to adjust their ?scal expenditure behavior to improve the ef?ciency of resource allocation in higher education, and the relationship between ?scal pressure and allocation efficiency is U-shaped. Mechanism analysis suggests that improvements in the efficiency of resource allocation in higher education can help local governments alleviate fiscal pressure when basic research and internationalization are strengthened, administrative procedures are simpli?ed through the digital transformation of higher education, and platforms for technology transactions are established. The central government should incorporate the local talent output rate into the performance appraisal system for local of?cials, move beyond the convention that appraisal ends upon retirement, and use the rate over a speci?ed period as a lifelong appraisal criterion, thereby encouraging local governments to shift their ?scal expenditure priorities toward higher education.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-10-20