|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]武学超 贾 楠.美国大学基础科研发展战略转型及价值分析 ——从《布什报告》到《芯片与科学法案》[J].清华大学教育研究,2024,(03):37-47.
　WU Xue-chao JIA Nan.Strategic Transformation of Basic Scientific Research Development in U.S. Universities and Its Value Analysis:From Bush’s Report to Chip and Science Act[J].TSINGHUA JOURNAL OF EDUCATION,2024,(03):37-47.
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美国大学基础科研发展战略转型及价值分析 ——从《布什报告》到《芯片与科学法案》
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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:
期数:
2024年03期
页码:
37-47
栏目:
国际与比较教育
出版日期:
2024-06-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
Strategic Transformation of Basic Scientific Research Development in U.S. Universities and Its Value Analysis:From Bush’s Report to Chip and Science Act
作者:
武学超1 贾 楠2
1.河南理工大学 应急管理学院;2.北京外国语大学 国际教育学院
Author(s):
WU Xue-chao1 JIA Nan2
1.School of Emergency Management, Henan Polytechnic University; 2.School of International Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University
关键词:
美国; 大学基础科研; 战略转型; 布什报告; 芯片与科学法案
Keywords:
The United States;  university basic scientific research;  strategic transformation;  Bush’s report;  Chip and Science Act
分类号:
G649.712
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
1945年的《科学:无止境的前沿》政策报告造就了二战后美国大学基础科学研究的“黄金时代”和美国科学强国的战略地位。然而,时过境迁,国际多极化发展,美国基础科研竞争力下降;科学范式转型发展,美国大学基础科研生态面临新的挑战;科研领域新国家主义在美国盛行,炮制“中国威胁论”。基于此,拜登总统签署了《芯片与科学法案》,该法案的科学部分提出了推动美国大学基础科研发展战略转型的四大核心任务:通过国家科学基金会改制,推动大学基础科研治理组织创新;通过大学基础学科人才培养体制机制改革,全面推进STEM教育全纳高质量发展;通过大学多维协同基础科研平台构建,加快关键核心技术原始创新;通过国家科研安全保护,遏制国外大学基础科研竞争。美国大学基础科研发展战略转型体现了多重价值取向:以基础科研范式创新促进多维协同提质增效;新国家主义与国际科研协同之间价值冲突;以全纳性卓越激活“知识三角”协同育人内生力。
Abstract:
The landmark 1945 “Science: The Endless Frontier” report initiated the “golden age” of basic scientific research in U.S. universities and solidified the United States’ strategic stature as a scientific leader post-World War II. Over the decades, however, the landscape of global power has shifted towards international multipolarity, resulting in a decline in the competitiveness of U.S. basic scientific research. This decline is further compounded by shifts in scientific paradigms and the emergence of neo-statism in research, which has fostered the propagation of the “China Threat Theory.” In an effort to counter these challenges and revitalize American scientific leadership, President Biden signed the “Chip and Science Act.” This new legislation aims to catalyze a strategic transformation in the basic scientific research framework of U.S. universities by implementing four core tasks: (1) restructuring the National Science Foundation to foster governance innovations within university research; (2) reforming the systems of talent cultivation to advance an inclusive and high-quality development of STEM education; (3) establishing multidimensional collaborative research platforms to accelerate pioneering innovations in critical technologies; and (4) fortifying national research security measures to mitigate competitive pressures from foreign academic institutions. This strategic overhaul in U.S. basic scientific research underscores diverse value orientations, blending paradigmatic innovations to bolster multidimensional coordination and efficiency, navigating the tensions between neo-statism and international collaboration, and enhancing the role of inclusivity to energize the synergistic potential of the “knowledge triangle” in fostering a holistic educational ecosystem.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-06-20