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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2022年06期

页码:

93-103

栏目:

教育改革与发展

出版日期:

2022-12-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

An Empirical Study on the Impact of the Agglomeration of Higher Education on the Firms’ Labor Cost and Employment

作者:

陈建伟¹ 孙志军²

1.对外经济贸易大学 国家开放研究院教育与开放经济研究中心；2.北京师范大学 经济与工商管理学院

Author(s):

CHEN Jian-wei¹ SUN Zhi-jun²

1.Institute of Education and Economy Research, University of International Business and Economics;2.Business School, Beijing Normal University

关键词:

高等教育; 集聚经济; 劳动成本; 企业就业

Keywords:

higher education;  agglomeration economy;  labor cost;  enterprise employment

分类号:

G649.2

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

本文基于新经济地理学视角，分析了高等教育集群式发展对企业劳动成本与雇佣规模的影响。利用中国上市公司数据匹配分市高等教育统计数据，本文研究发现：基于加权方法计算的高等教育集聚度显著降低了企业劳动成本和正式的高学历员工雇佣规模，且这一效应主要来源于非同城的辐射集聚度。上市公司所在的行业、区域和企业类型，都辅助解释了高等教育集聚效应的异质性。机制检验表明，高校在校生的空间集聚有助于提高企业生产率，从而协助企业提高内部要素配置效率和实现节支减员；另一个间接证据表明，高等教育资源高度集聚产生了劳动买方垄断效应。换言之，企业雇主在高等教育集聚中心地区的就业市场获得买方优势地位，能够以频繁的员工流动与更替为代价换取支付相对较低的工资，从而降低劳动要素成本和高学历的正式员工雇佣规模。本文研究的潜在政策含义是，要适当优化高等教育资源的空间布局，改善集聚效应给高校毕业生在劳动力市场带来的相对弱势地位。

Abstract:

Based on the new economic geography perspective, this paper analyzes the effect of higher education clustering on the labor cost and employment size of enterprises. Using data on Chinese listed companies matched with sub-city higher education statistics, this paper finds that higher education clustering calculated based on a weighted approach significantly reduces corporate labor costs and formal hiring size of highly educated employees. This effect mainly originates from non-co-located radial clustering. The industry, region, and firm type where the listed firms are located all assist in explaining the heterogeneity of the higher education agglomeration effect. Mechanistic tests suggest that the spatial agglomeration of students enrolled in higher education contributes to firms’ productivity, thus assisting them in improving internal factor allocation efficiency and achieving cost savings and staff reduction. Another indirect evidence suggests that the high concentration of higher education resources generates a labor buyer monopoly effect. In other words, employers gain a buyer's advantage in the employment market in higher education concentration centers. They can pay relatively lower wages in exchange for frequent employee turnover and turnover, thus reducing labor cost inputs and the size of hiring highly educated regular employees. The potential policy implication of this study is to properly optimize the spatial layout of higher education resources and improve the relative disadvantageous position of college graduates in the labor market brought by the agglomeration effect.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2022-12-20