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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2026年01期

页码:

13-24

栏目:

变革的高等教育世界

出版日期:

2026-02-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Internationalisation of Higher Education: Its Conceptual Evolution as a Process, Intended Aims, and Unintended Effects in the Global and European Context

作者:

汉斯·德威特¹ 王俐舟²

1. 波士顿学院 国际高等教育中心；2. 早稻田大学 高等研究所

Author(s):

Hans de Wit¹ WANG Li-zhou²

1. Center for International Higher Education, Boston College; 2. Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University

关键词:

国际化; 高等教育; 欧洲; 地缘政治发展; 知识安全

Keywords:

internationalization;  higher education;  Europe;  geopolitical developments;  knowledge security

分类号:

G649.2

DOI:

10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.01.001312

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

高等教育长期以来被视为具有内在的国际属性，然而，关于“具有国际性”却存在多种不同的理解方式。它受到机构、当地与所在地区环境的共同塑造，以及高等教育领域内外不同利益相关者的多样化意图的影响。作为一种战略手段，国际化是一个相对较新的现象，兴起于过去三四十年间，受到政治、社会、经济与教育等多方面因素的影响。然而，大多数的国际化行动与政策仍是临时性的、碎片化的与边缘化的，并经常与高等教育机构的核心使命及国家层面高等教育政策不相一致。本文探讨了国际化概念自20世纪80年代以来的演变历程，考察其发展脉络及多样化诠释；并且分析国际化这一过程相关的维度和举措，识别其中最为重要的主导因素。此外，文章回顾了国际化近几十年取得的关键成就，评估阻碍其进一步深化的首要挑战。本文的讨论在不断变化的全球格局背景下展开，即与20世纪八九十年代相比，当前对于国际主义取向的高等教育与研究的政治支持已经减弱。文章突出强调了欧洲语境，欧洲的国际化行动是由一系列旨在提升知识竞争力、培育共同的欧洲身份认同，以及强化欧洲高等教育区（EHEA）与欧洲研究区（ERA）的倡议和项目所驱动。

Abstract:

Higher education has long been viewed as inherently international, yet the concept of being international is interpreted in various ways. It is shaped by institutional, local, and regional contexts, as well as the diverse intentions of stakeholders both within and outside the sector. As a strategic approach, internationalisation is a relatively recent phenomenon, emerging over the past three to four decades and influenced by political, social, economic, and educational factors. However, most internationalisation actions and policies remain ad hoc, fragmented, and marginal, often misaligned with the core mission of higher education institutions and national higher education policies. This article explores the evolution of the concept of internationalisation from the 1980s to the present, examining its development and varying interpretations. It also analyses the dimensions and actions associated with the process, identifying which are most dominant. Additionally, it reviews key achievements of recent decades and assesses the primary challenges that hinder further progress. The discussion is framed within the context of a shifting global landscape, where political support for internationalism in higher education and research has waned compared to the 1980s and 1990s. The article highlights the European context, where internationalisation efforts have been driven by initiatives and programmes aimed at enhancing knowledge competitiveness, fostering a shared European identity, and strengthening the European Higher Education and Research Area.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-02-20