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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2026年01期

页码:

1-12

栏目:

变革的高等教育世界

出版日期:

2026-02-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Internationalization of Higher Education in a More Multipolar and Conflictual World

作者:

西蒙·马金森

布里斯托大学 教育学院

Author(s):

Simon Marginson

School of Education, University of Bristol

关键词:

高等教育; 科学; 全球化; 地缘政治; 保守民粹主义; 本土主义; 中国; 美国

Keywords:

higher education;  science;  globalization;  geopolitics;  conservative populism;  nativism;  China: United States of America

分类号:

G649.2

DOI:

10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.01.000111

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

“国际化”被界定为国家间、不同国家的组织（如大学）或个体间关系的建立或增长。1990年后，在美国主导的全球化框架下，高等教育与科学领域的跨境关系经历了明显的繁荣期，推动了中国及其他新兴国家学生规模与科研产出的快速增长。但全球高等教育仍由西方机构、范式及语言所主导，延续了殖民时代的特征。21世纪第二个十年中后期，随着全球经济实力分布趋于多极，美国对开放与扩展全球关系的承诺发生了逆转，企图通过部分关闭全球贸易、在高校及科技领域对华“脱钩”，以及诉诸更具单边色彩的国家权力来维持其全球首要地位，第二任特朗普政府更强化了这一趋向。美国的去全球化进程，恰逢西方社会特别是底层民众针对全球融合（特别是移民）进行本土主义抵制，此种抵制对国家政策产生了深远影响。尽管西方大学原则上仍恪守跨境合作承诺，但上述态势已对全球科研协作及跨境人员流动构成挑战。与此同时，高等教育与科学研究在“全球东方”与“全球南方”持续快速发展，这些地区现已成为科学产出的主体区域，且对积极的跨境合作持开放态度。无论是在“全球西方”的防御性反应中，还是在“全球东方”与“全球南方”的迅猛行动中，都清晰可见一种共同的驱动力：在日益多极化的世界中持续推进去殖民化进程。

Abstract:

Internationalization is understood the creation or growth of relations between nations, or between organizations (such as universities) or persons in different nations. After 1990 within the framework of United States dominated globalization there was a remarkable fluorescence of cross-border relations in higher education and science, facilitating the rapid growth of enrolments and research in China and other rising countries. Nevertheless, global higher education remained dominated by Western institutions, templates and language, in continuity with the colonial era. After the mid 2010’s, with global economic power becoming more broadly distributed, the American commitment to open and expansive global relations was radically reversed. The U.S. sought to maintain worldwide primacy by partly closing global trade, decoupling with China in universities, science and technology, and adopting a more unilateral form of state power, later doubling down on this strategy in the second Trump administration beginning in 2025. U.S. deglobalization coincided with a grass-roots nativist revolt in much of the West against global convergence, especially migration, with growing impact in state policies. Though Western universities retained an in principle commitment to cross-border cooperation, these developments destabilized both global research collaboration and the cross-border mobility of persons. Meanwhile higher education and research continued to develop rapidly in the global East and South, now the majority zone in science, and stayed open to fulsome cross-border cooperation. In both the defensive reaction in the global West and the burgeoning agency evident in the global East and South, a common dynamic is evident: that of decolonisation in a more multipolar world.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-02-20