教育的职场价值与教育不平等 ——中专与普通高中之教育机会不平等变化的对比研究-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Occupational Value of Education and Educational Inequality:A Comparative Research on the Changes of Educational OpportunityInequality in Secondary Specialized Education and in Senior Middle School

Author(s):: LIU Jing-ming¹ ZHANG Li²; 1.Department of Sociology, Tsinghua University; 2.Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China

Keywords:: secondary specialized education; occupational value; educational inequality

摘要:: 教育不平等的变化方式是复杂的。本文利用1990、2000年两次人口普查数据，通过对照分析中专与普通高中两类教育机会获得过程中的家庭背景影响的变化，从教育的职场价值角度对教育不平等变化过程提出了新的理解。如果一种教育形式的职场价值出现变化，该教育场域中的机会不平等也将发生相应变化，教育的职场价值降低，机会竞争过程中的不平等程度也会降低。但是，教育机会的阶层不平等是阶层间社会领域不平等的一种持续性反映，阶层相对优势总会以种种形式体现出来，某些教育领域的教育竞争之所以下降或消失，就在于阶层间的主要争斗场域向其他更有价值的教育形式转移。实证分析结果表明，20世纪90年代中专教育在劳动力市场中的回报出现持续锐减的时候，该类教育的阶层不平等也趋于相对缓和，但与此同时普通高中教育领域的不平等却较大地增强了。

Abstract:: The change way of educational inequality is complex. Based on 1990 census and 2000 census, this research compares the effects of family background on entering secondary specialized education and entering high middle school, in which the occupational value of education is applied to interpret the occurrence and changes of educational inequality. It can be predicted that the inequalities in educational attainment process may become changeable with the changes of the education’s occupational value. This means, when the occupational value of some education goes down, the degree of inequality will be reduced accordingly. However, the class differences in education field derive from the persistence in social field. Moreover, the representation of the advantaged high class varies, which means the degree of educational competition has decreased or disappeared in some education and it tends to transfer to other educational field of more occupational value. This research shows that the class differences will be minimized, when the rewards of secondary specialized education have a sharp decrease, and that of senior middle school will become bigger.