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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2025年05期

页码:

50-63

栏目:

教育改革与发展

出版日期:

2025-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

The Evolution and Practical Reflections on Chinese Moral Education Policies Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China ——From the Dual Perspectives of Policy Formulation and Implementation

作者:

何 蕊 金东贤 郭鑫超 李亚静

中国教育科学研究院 中国德育杂志社

Author(s):

HE Rui JIN Dong-xian GUO Xin-chao LI Ya-jing

Moral Education China, China National Academy of Educational Sciences

关键词:

立德树人; 德育政策; 德育实践; 多源流分析框架; 史密斯政策执行过程模型

Keywords:

fostering virtue through education;  moral education policies;  moral education practice;  Multiple Streams Theory;  Smith’s Policy Implementation Process Model

分类号:

G41

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

作为国家教育治理体系的重要组成部分,德育政策具有显著的政治导向与社会建构功能。基于政策制定与执行的双重视角,借助多源流分析框架和史密斯政策执行过程模型,分析党的十八大以来我国德育政策的演进过程及落实情况。我国德育政策演进分为体系建构、内涵深化、系统创新三个阶段,形成了以“思政引领、生态建构、技术赋能”为特征的现代化发展路径,呈现德育思想理论体系不断丰富与完善、德育工作更加关注人的存在与发展、德育内容重点明确且与时俱进、德育力量多元并渐成生态四大发展趋势。德育政策在落实中取得显著成效,“中央-地方-学校”三级执行体系不断完善,多元主体深度参与的德育共同体逐步形成,政策执行的外部环境得到显著优化。同时,也存在一些结构性挑战,执行主体对德育政策根本目标与指向的理解有待深入,“教联体”落实德育政策的效能尚未充分发挥,德育评价方式未能充分促进政策落实效能的提升。未来我国德育事业的发展应着眼于构建中国德育自主知识体系,健全多主体协同育人机制,创新一体化德育工作模式。

Abstract:

As a key component of the national educational governance system, moral education policies serve significant political orientation and social construction functions. Based on the dual perspectives of policy formulation and implementation, and drawing on the Multiple Streams Theory and the Smith’s Policy Implementation Process Model, this study analyzes the evolution and implementation of Chinese moral education policies since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The evolution of Chinese moral education policies can be divided into three stages： system construction, connotation deepening, and systemic innovation. These stages have collectively formed a modern development path characterized by “ideological and political leadership, ecological construction, and technological empowerment”. Four major developmental trends have emerged: the continuous enrichment and improvement of the moral education theoretical system, a greater focus on human existence and development in moral education work, clear and up-to-date priorities in moral education content, and the gradual formation of a diversified moral education ecosystem. The implementation of moral education policies has achieved significant results. The three-tiered implementation system of “central-local government-schools” has been continuously improved, and a moral education community with deep participation of multiple stakeholders is gradually taking shape. The external environment for policy implementation has also been significantly optimized. However, several structural challenges remain. The implementing entities need to deepen their understanding of the fundamental goals and orientation of moral education policies. The efficacy of moral education policy implementation through “educational consortia” has not been fully realized. The moral education evaluation methods have not sufficiently promoted the effectiveness of policy implementation. Future development of China’s moral education should focus on building an independent Chinese moral education knowledge system, improving multi-agent collaborative education mechanisms, innovating integrated moral education models.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-10-20