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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2021年02期

页码:

1-16

栏目:

教育思想与理论

出版日期:

2021-04-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

The Origin of “World-Class University” as a Concept in China and Its Transnational Diffusion

作者:

刘雪婷 沈文钦

北京大学 教育学院

Author(s):

LIU Xue-ting SHEN Wen-qin

Graduate?School?of?Education,?Peking?University

关键词:

世界一流大学; 概念史; 大学组织意象; 跨国扩散

Keywords:

World-class university;  Conceptual history;  University organizational image;  Transnational diffusion

分类号:

G649

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

世界一流大学的概念和话语在很多国家产生了重要的政策影响，但关于世界一流大学概念的起源及其跨国传播，目前学术界尚缺乏系统深入的分析。概念史的方法可以分析世界一流大学概念的流变，及其在中心国家和边缘国家扩散的机制和过程。世界一流大学概念的起源早于学界的通俗看法，其中“一流大学”的概念在20世纪40年代即已出现，且这一概念在诞生之初即有国际比较与追赶的意识。改革开放后，追赶世界先进水平的集体意识以“世界第一流的科技”“世界第一流的大学”“世界一流大学”等术语散见于20世纪80年代和90年代初期，为“世界一流大学”最终在1998年成为国家政策奠定了话语基础。这一组织意象在引导我国研究型大学建设的过程中发挥了重要作用，但也存在局限性，例如过于重视论文产出而忽略成果转化、加剧大学的分层和马太效应，等等。为解决这些问题，需要形成一种更加开放、多元的世界大学组织意象，关注旗舰大学、创业型大学、参与式大学、创新型大学等组织概念的内涵，引导高等教育实现多元化发展。

Abstract:

The concepts and discourses of the World-class Universities (WCU) have had important policy impacts in many countries, but the origin of the concept and its transnational diffusion remains unexplored. From a conceptual history perspective, this paper analyzes the evolution of the concept of WCU and its diffusion in the center and periphery countries. We argue that, earlier than what is commonly accepted, the emergence of the concept of WCU could trace back to the 1940s with a sense of international comparison and catching-up from the very beginning. After the reform and opening up, the collective consciousness of catching-up with the world’s leading academic level was evident with the term “world-class technology”,“the world's first-rank university”,“world-class university,”and other terms in the 1980s and early 1990s, and gradually laid a discourse basis for the “World-class University” policy in 1998. This organization image has played an important role in guiding the development of Chinese research universities. The WCU construction has also brought some negative consequences, such as overemphasizing research output with weak technology transfer and strengthening the gaps between elite universities and non-elite universities. To solve this problem, it is necessary to form a more open, diverse university organization image and pay attention to the concepts of Flagship University, Entrepreneurship University, Engaged University, and Innovative University.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2021-04-20