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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2026年04期

页码:

153-165

栏目:

教育改革与发展

出版日期:

2026-08-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Differentiation and Strati?cation in the Academic Profession:An Empirical Study of Group Differences in Teaching and Research Output among Chinese University Faculty

作者:

沈敬轩¹ 朱施蓉² 蒋凯²

1. 北京教育科学研究院 高等教育科学研究所；2. 北京大学 教育学院

Author(s):

SHEN Jing-xuan¹ ZHU Shi-rong² JIANG Kai²

1. Institute of Higher Education, Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences; 2. Graduate School of Education, Peking University

关键词:

高校教师; 教学科研产出; 学术职业

Keywords:

university faculty;  teaching and research output;  academic profession

分类号:

G645.1

DOI:

10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.04.015313

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

高校教师教学科研产出是衡量学术生产力以及构建公平教育评价体系的重要依据。基于2023年全国高校教师发展调查数据，本文实证考察了院校层次、地理空间、性别角色和家庭社会经济背景对高校教师产出差异的影响。研究发现，高校教师学术产出呈现明显的分化与分层特征，高水平科研成果集中于少数高校教师群体。院校层次与地理区位是影响产出的重要因素，“双一流”高校及东部地区高校教师在科研产出与研究生培养方面具有显著优势，非“双一流”高校及中西部地区高校教师更多承担本科教学与地方性科研任务。在控制院校层次与工作时间等变量后，性别对科研产出的影响不再显著，说明女性教师的劣势主要源于其在学术体系中的位置分布及时间资源约束。家庭背景在不同教学科研产出中的影响存在差别，较高的家庭文化资本有助于高校教师获得重要科研成果与学术荣誉，而在常规性科研产出方面，不同背景高校教师之间差异相对较小。

Abstract:

The teaching and research output of university faculty serves as a key indicator of academic productivity and the essential basis for a fair educational evaluation system. Based on data from the 2023 National Survey of Faculty Development in China, this article empirically examines the effects of institutional hierarchy, geographic location, gender roles, and family socioeconomic background on faculty output. The study found that the academic output of university faculty exhibits distinct patterns of differentiation and strati?cation, with high-level research achievements concentrated among a small group of faculty members.Institutional level and geographic location are key factors in?uencing output: faculty at “Double First-Class” universities and institutions in eastern China hold signi?cant advantages in research output and graduate student training, whereas faculty at non- D“ouble First-Class” universities and institutions in central and western China are more heavily engaged in undergraduate teaching and locally oriented research. After controlling for variables such as institutional level and working hours, the effect of gender on research output was no longer signi?cant, indicating that the disadvantages faced by female faculty primarily stem from their position within the academic system and constraints on time resources. The influence of family background varies across different types of output. Higher levels of family cultural capital help university faculty attain significant research achievement and academic honors, whereas differences in routine research output among faculty from different backgrounds are relatively minor.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-08-20