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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2023年01期

页码:

111-121

栏目:

国际与比较教育

出版日期:

2023-02-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

“Reservoir” or “Gold-Plated Store”: An International Comparative Study of Postdoctoral System

作者:

刘 霄¹ 王世岳¹ 赵世奎²

1.南京大学 教育研究院；2.北京航空航天大学 人文社会科学学院

Author(s):

LIU Xiao¹ WANG Shi-yue¹ ZHAO Shi-kui²

1.Institute of Education, Nanjing University;2.School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University

关键词:

博士后; 制度; 学术职业; 比较研究

Keywords:

postdoc;  system;  academic career;  international comparative study

分类号:

G644.8

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

博士后制度兼具人员聘用和人才培养双重属性，加之各国博士后聘用方式、学术职业竞争性等方面的差异，博士后制度的功能从普遍认为的“蓄水池”逐渐发展至包括“镀金店”“工作场”和“过筛器”在内的四种类型。依据相关理论和文献，本文在博士后制度功能理论构建的基础上，利用2020年《自然》杂志发布的“首次全球博士后调查”数据，对全球25个国家博士后制度的功能进行了跨国比较研究。结果发现，在高校作为聘用主体的宏观背景下，我国博士后的工作投入较高，职业前景较好，但也存在绝对收入水平较低、工作兴趣和国际吸引力不足等突出问题，博士后的“镀金店”色彩浓厚而人才“蓄水池”功能体现不足。为充分发挥博士后制度的多重功能，应着力促进博士后薪酬来源的多样化，着力提高博士后的工作兴趣，切实增强博士后对学术的坚持。

Abstract:

Since the post-doctoral system has the dual attributes of personnel recruitment and talent cultivation, and the differences in post-doctoral employment and academic career competitiveness in various countries, the post-doctoral system function has gradually developed from the generally considered “Reservoir” to “Gold-plated Store”, “Workplace” and “Sifter”. Based on the relevant theories and literature, this paper constructed four types of postdoctoral system functions and used the data of the “First Global Postdoctoral Survey” published by Nature in 2020 to conduct a cross-country comparative study on the system functions of post doctors in 25 countries. Results show that under the macro background of universities as the main body of postdoctoral employment, China attaches great importance to the salary of post doctors. Post doctors in China have high work input and positive career prospects. However, there are also prominent problems such as low absolute postdoctoral income level, lack of work interest and international attractiveness, making postdocs a “gold-plated shop” rather than a real “reservoir” of talent. Therefore, we propose to promote the diversification of salary sources, focus on enhancing postdoctoral interest in work, and effectively enhance postdoctoral academic persistence, so as to give full play to the multiple functions of the postdoctoral system.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2023-02-20