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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2024年05期

页码:

148-160

栏目:

教育历史与文化

出版日期:

2024-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Talent Shortage and Difficulty in Employment ——Revisiting the Employment Dilemma of Chinese College Students in the 1930s

作者:

刘 超 王 璐

浙江大学 教育学院

Author(s):

LIU Chao WANG Lu

College of Education, Zhejiang University

关键词:

大学生; 就业恐慌; 求职运动; 学科结构; 治理能力

Keywords:

college students;  employment panic;  job-seeking movement;  disciplinary structure;  governance ability

分类号:

G647.38

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

20世纪30年代,全球经济大萧条,中国备受冲击,大学生“就业难”的问题亦日渐突出。其中,文科类毕业生失业情况尤其普遍;其出路狭窄,学非所用现象严重;就业地域不平衡问题甚为尖锐。经济萧条是大学生就业形势恶化的直接原因,高等教育与社会系统的错位和失配是其根本原因,用人制度的积弊则使这一形势更趋严峻。为此,大学生一再发动求职运动,并提出相关诉求。政府、学校及社会都对此进行了积极应对,但始终未收治本之效。在当时的社会结构、思想观念和社会经济条件下,这一问题几乎是不可能彻底解决的。此问题的长期化也松动了国民党政权的根基。

Abstract:

In the 1930s, the global economic depression had a significant impact on China, and the problem of “difficult employment” for college students became increasingly prominent. Unemployment was particularly widespread among liberal arts graduates, whose career paths were limited, with many unable to apply their studies in their jobs. Additionally, regional imbalances in employment opportunities were acute. The economic depression was the direct cause of the worsening employment situation for college students, while the fundamental cause lay in the mismatch between higher education and the needs of society. The accumulated problems of the employment system make this situation even more severe. In response, college students repeatedly launched job-seeking movements and raised related demands. The government, schools, and society all actively responded, yet could not achieve a fundamental solution. Given the social structure, prevailing ideologies, and socio-economic conditions of the time, this problem was nearly impossible to resolve completely. The protracted nature of this issue also weakened the Kuomintang regime's foundation.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-10-20