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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2026年05期

页码:

132-144

栏目:

教育经济与财政

出版日期:

2026-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

County-level Economy and the Equality of Higher Education Admission

作者:

李锋亮 武小力

清华大学 教育学院

Author(s):

LI Feng-liang WU Xiao-li

School of Education, Tsinghua University

关键词:

县域经济; 高考; 院校声誉; 教育资源配置; 教育公平

Keywords:

county-level economy;  college entrance examination;  university reputation;  educational resource allocation;  educational equity

分类号:

G639.2

DOI:

10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.05.013213

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

县域作为政策落地的“最后一公里”，其经济发展水平的差异已深刻影响教育资源供给格局。本文基于中国居民收入分配调查数据库（CHIP）2018年度数据与县域层面宏观数据，构建微观个体与县域层面的匹配样本，运用广义有序Logit回归模型，系统考察县域经济发展水平与个体高考升学院校声誉之间的关联，以及教育资源配置在二者关系中的调节特征。研究发现：县域经济水平与个体升学院校声誉呈显著正向关联，经济发达县域的学生进入更高层次高校的概率相对更高；县域中学资源密度能够正向调节这一关联，在资源更密集的区域，县域经济和升学结果之间的关联性更强；该正向关联在农业户籍学生、重点高中学生群体中表现更为突出。研究结论丰富了县域层面经济与教育关系的研究成果，为地方政府制定差异化县域教育政策、促进县域教育公平与经济协同发展提供了实证依据。

Abstract:

As counties serve as the “last mile” for policy implementation, disparities in their economic development levels have profoundly influenced the supply structure of educational resources. Based on the 2018 China Household Income Project (CHIP) data and county-level macroeconomic data, this study constructs a matched sample combining micro-individual and county-level data. Employing a generalized ordered logit regression model, it systematically examines the association between county-level economic development and the reputation of the admitted institutions in the college entrance examination, as well as the moderating features of educational resource allocation in this relationship. The results show that county-level economic status has a significant positive association with the reputation of admitted institutions: students from economically advanced counties have a relatively higher probability of entering higher-tier institutions.The density of county secondary school resources positively moderates this association; in regions with denser educational resources, the association between the county economy and admission outcomes becomes stronger.This positive association is more pronounced among students with agricultural household registration and those from key high schools. The ?ndings enrich the research on the relationship between county-level economy and education, and provide empirical evidence for local governments to formulate differentiated county education policies and advance the coordinated development of county educational equity and economic growth.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-10-20