国家对私立教育的规范义务研究 ——基于联合国人权理事会《阿比让原则》的比较研究-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Study on the State’s Regulatory Obligations Regarding Private Education: A Comparative Study Based on the Abidjan Principles of the United Nations Human Rights Council

Author(s):: ZHANG Yao-yuan¹ LIU Xin-peng²; 1. Guangzhou Campus, China People’s Police University; 2. Institute of Moral Education, Nanjing Normal University

Keywords:: The Abidjan Principle; private education; right to education; public education; after-school education training

摘要:: 《阿比让原则》是联合国人权理事会通过的关于各国提供公立教育和规范私立教育的指导性文件，主要内容包括公、私立教育的定义及划分标准；国家最大限度利用现有资源尊重、保护和实现受教育权的义务；国家在私主体介入教育的背景下尊重、保护和实现受教育权的义务；国家优先资助优质、免费公立教育的义务；国家归责和救济的义务；国家执行和落实的义务。通过对《阿比让原则》和我国私立教育制度的比较研究，国家对私立教育的规范义务应在“分类－资助－规制”等三个维度构建起体系化模型。其中，国家对公、私立教育的规范定义是前提，国家对私立教育的资助政策是重点，而国家对各种私立教育形式的规制是最终落脚点。

Abstract:: The Abidjan Principles is a guiding document adopted by the United Nations Human Rights Council on state obligations to provide public education and regulate private education. Its core contents cover six major state obligations: the de?nition and classi?cation criteria of public and private education; the state’s obligation to respect, protect and realize the right to education by maximizing the use of available resources;the state’s obligation to respect, protect and realize the right to education amid private sector participation in education; the state’s obligation to prioritize funding for high-quality and free public education; the state’s obligation of accountability and remedy; and the state’s obligation of implementation and enforcement. Based on a comparative study of the Abidjan Principles and China’s private education system, the state’s normative obligations for private education should be structured into a systematic model comprising three dimensions:classification, funding and regulation. Among them, the state’s normative definition of public and private education serves as the premise, state funding policies for private education constitute the core focus, and state regulation of various forms of private education acts as the ultimate foothold.