[1]陆一 孙迟瑶 辜刘建.奥赛经历的教育价值：基于全国拔尖大学生调查的实证分析[J].清华大学教育研究,2026,(03):23-41.[doi:10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.03.002319]
LU Yi SUN Chi-yao GU Liu-jian.The Educational Value of Olympiad Experience: An Empirical Analysis Based on a National Survey of Top-notch Innovative Talents in Universities[J].TSINGHUA JOURNAL OF EDUCATION,2026,(03):23-41.[doi:10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.03.002319]
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奥赛经历的教育价值：基于全国拔尖大学生调查的实证分析
LU Yi SUN Chi-yao GU Liu-jian.The Educational Value of Olympiad Experience: An Empirical Analysis Based on a National Survey of Top-notch Innovative Talents in Universities[J].TSINGHUA JOURNAL OF EDUCATION,2026,(03):23-41.[doi:10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.03.002319]
清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]
- 卷:
- 期数:
- 2026年03期
- 页码:
- 23-41
- 栏目:
- 人才培养
- 出版日期:
- 2026-06-20
文章信息/Info
- Title:
- The Educational Value of Olympiad Experience: An Empirical Analysis Based on a National Survey of Top-notch Innovative Talents in Universities
- Keywords:
- subject competitions; the five discipline Olympiads; top-notch innovative talents; integrated cultivation; early identification and selection
- 分类号:
- G642
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 五大学科奥赛是当前我国科技人才早期选拔与培养的主要途径，却又因其关联着顶尖大学升学机会而难以摆脱功利化应试的弊病。奥赛究竟具有怎样的育人价值和选才效果亟待实证研究。基于“2023－2024学年全国一流大学基础学科拔尖计划学生调查”，采用泛精确匹配等准实验方法控制内生性偏误，从拔尖创新、学术志趣、通识求知欲、学习驱动力、生活丰富度、学缘亲和力等多维度检验奥赛生的优劣势，得到以下发现：1）奥赛生进入顶尖大学后，呈现出兼具学术竞争力与综合发展潜力的成长特征。2）到了本科高年级，奥赛生的成绩优势收敛，科研优势保持稳定，创造优势持续扩大。3）就学科分化而言，留在理科的奥赛生科研优势突出，转投到工科的奥赛生科学志向更佳。4）在奥赛生内部，进入国家集训队的保送奥赛生整体表现更优，但其探索意愿集中于本专业领域，学科交叉和通识求知欲较低。5）在拔尖学生群体中，家庭经济条件并非奥赛升学的关键门槛，而家庭文化资本与自身志趣对能否成为奥赛生发挥关键预测作用。相关结论能够初步澄清误解，为深化人才选拔机制、构建具有中国特色的拔尖创新人才培养体系提供实证依据与政策参考。
- Abstract:
- The five discipline Olympiads serve as the primary pathway for early identification and cultivation of scientific talent in China, yet their educational value and talent selection effectiveness remain controversial and require empirical investigation. Based on the “2023-2024 National Survey of Top Students in Basic Disciplines of Elite Universities”, this study employs quasi-experimental methods including Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) to address endogeneity, examining Olympiad students’ strengths and weaknesses across multiple developmental dimensions. The main findings are: 1) Olympiad students demonstrate stronger academic competitiveness and greater potential for well-rounded development at university. 2) By upper undergraduate years, their advantage in academic performance narrows, their edge in research remains stable,and their creativity advantage continues to widen. 3) In terms of disciplinary differentiation, those who stay in science show a distinct research advantage, while those who move into engineering exhibit stronger scientific aspirations. 4) Among Olympiad students, those selected for the national training team perform better overall,yet their exploratory interests are concentrated within their own discipline, with relatively low interdisciplinary engagement. 5) Family economic status is not a critical barrier to Olympiad-based admission; rather, family cultural capital and personal academic interest serve as key predictors. These findings provide empirical evidence and policy implications for refining talent selection mechanisms and cultivating top innovative talents.
更新日期/Last Update:
2026-06-20