乡村教师日常生活中的尊严及其结构性困局-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Dignity and Structural Dilemma in the Daily Life of Rural Teachers

Author(s):: LIU Xiao; National Institutes of Educational Policy Research，East China Normal University

Keywords:: rural teacher; dignity; daily life; rural revitalization strategy

摘要:: 在乡村社会发展进程中，集道德原则和权利保障为一体的教师尊严逐渐消解在乡村教师的日常工作和生活中。对6所乡村学校的调查和访谈发现，乡村教师尊严失落在很大程度上源于社会、文化、教育、人口的结构性困局。城乡差距在社会结构变迁中加深，唯金钱论的价值取向威胁着乡村社会为师者尊的传统，对教师的社会地位和师道尊严构成剧烈冲击。农村人口结构变化引发留守儿童教学管理难度加大，乡村教师肩负沉重但又琐碎的教育责任担当，却没有与之匹配的权利保障。市场化、城镇化加速了农村人口流动，但乡村女教师要扎根乡土，将不得不面对婚恋的困境以及由此带来的失落。当前，乡村振兴战略为相关政策和制度的变革提供了契机，可立足教师个体的现实境况通过权利保障、关系调整、乡村教育本土化来维护乡村社会的师道尊严。

Abstract:: In the process of rural social development，the dignity of teachers，which integrates moral principles and rights guarantees，is gradually dissolved in the daily work and life of rural teachers.Interview and survey findings of six public township primary schools and middle schools in central China show that，the loss of rural teachers＇dignity is largely due to the structural difficulties of society，culture，education and population.The gap between urban and rural areas is deepening as the social structure changes.The value orientation of monetialism threatens the tradition of the rural society，and it has a great impact on the social status of teachers.The change of rural population structure causes the difficulty of teaching management of left-behind children.Rural teachers bear a heavy education mission and responsibility，but their rights that match the responsibilities are not guaranteed.Marketization and urbanization have accelerated the rural population migration，but rural female teachers who taking root in the countryside have to face difficulties in marriage and the loss brought by it.At present，the rural revitalization strategy provides an opportunity for the reform of relevant policies and systems.Rural teachers can regain dignity through rights protection，relationship adjustment and localization of rural education based on the actual situation of individual teachers.