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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2026年03期

页码:

181-192

栏目:

职业教育

出版日期:

2026-06-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

From Separation to Permeability —Dynamics and Logics in the Transformation of the Relationship between Vocational and Academic Education in Germany

作者:

谢莉花¹ 曾世羊¹ 唐慧^{1 2}

1.同济大学 职业技术教育学院；2.班贝格大学 社会与经济科学学院

Author(s):

XIE Li-hua¹ ZENG Shi-yang¹ TANG Hui^{1 2}

1. College of Vocational and Technical Education, Tongji University;2. School of Social and Economic Sciences, Bamberg University

关键词:

职业教育; 学术教育; 分隔; 渗透; 德国

Keywords:

vocational education;  academic education;  separation;  permeability;  Germany

分类号:

G719.516

DOI:

10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.03.018112

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

德国职业教育与学术教育的传统关系以相互分隔为基本格局，两者遵循不同的制度秩序独立发展。这一格局根植于德国二元劳动市场对专业工作和知识工作的差异化需求，并因其特有的政治经济制度高度依赖以职业教育为主的技能形成方式而得以固化。然而，随着劳动世界技术与组织变革，以及教育体系自身的发展与分化，德国职业教育与学术教育的传统关系面临新的挑战与重构压力。基于此，两类教育的关系正从传统分隔走向渗透融通，以回应劳动界与教育界的双重诉求。这一转变表明，在保持各自类型独立性的基础上，推动优势保持与系统化结合的渗透路径创新，是破解职业教育与学术教育关系困境、实现教育体系协同发展的关键方向。

Abstract:

The traditional relationship between vocational and academic education in Germany is defined by mutual separation, with the two developing independently within distinct institutional orders. This pattern is rooted in the differentiated demands of Germany’s dual labor market for professional and knowledge work,and is solidified by its unique political and economic system, which relies heavily on vocational education as the primary approach to skill formation. However, against the backdrop of technological and organizational changes in the labor world, as well as the development and differentiation of the education system itself,the traditional relationship between vocational and academic education in Germany is confronted with new challenges and restructuring pressures. Accordingly, the relationship between the two types of education is shifting from traditional separation toward permeability and integration to meet the dual demands of the labor and education fields. This transformation indicates that, on the premise of maintaining the independence of each education type, innovating permeable paths that balance strength preservation and systematic integration is the core direction for resolving the dilemma in the relationship between vocational and academic education and realizing the coordinated development of the education system.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-06-20