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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2026年03期

页码:

102-113

栏目:

国际与比较教育

出版日期:

2026-06-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

From Employment Rates to Employment Quality: A Study on the Tracking System of Higher Education Graduate Employment in the European Union

作者:

高迎爽¹ 张润泽²

1.中国社会科学院大学 高等教育研究所；2.中国社会科学院大学 数字文明与智慧决策实验室

Author(s):

GAO Ying-shuang¹ ZHANG Run-ze²

1. Institute of Higher Education, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; 2. Lab of Digital Civilization and Smart Decision, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

关键词:

就业率; 就业质量; 高校毕业生; 跨国追踪

Keywords:

employment rate;  employment quality;  higher education graduates;  transnational tracking

分类号:

G647.38

DOI:

10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.03.010212

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

为破解教育产出与劳动力市场需求间的结构性错配，探讨通过制度化的毕业生追踪体系实现高等教育与经济社会发展的动态适配，欧盟高校毕业生就业质量追踪体系突破对单一就业率的依赖，转向以质量为导向的多维框架，将教育产出与劳动力市场需求之间的有效衔接置于核心地位，使教育质量监测不再局限于“是否就业”，而是纵深至“更好就业”。欧盟高校毕业生就业质量追踪依赖于欧洲高等教育区奠定的学位互认、学分转换与质量标准保障，这是各国在不同教育体系下开展可比性较强的数据收集与分析的基础性框架。行政记录与问卷调查并行的多源数据模式实现了宏观数据的完整覆盖与微观感知的深度捕捉。强化数据应用的反馈机制确保数据成果对教育治理与劳动力市场政策发挥实质影响。制度创新的整体性与可持续性是追踪价值发挥的保障。

Abstract:

To address the structural mismatch between educational outcomes and labor market demands and to explore how institutionalized graduate-tracking systems can enable the dynamic alignment of higher education with socio-economic development, the European Union (EU) has established a graduate employment quality-tracking framework. This framework marks a shift from reliance on single employment rates towards a quality-oriented, multidimensional approach that places the effective linkage between educational outcomes and labor market needs at its core. As a result, the monitoring of educational quality extends beyond mere“employment status” to focus on “better employment.” The system builds upon the European Higher Education Area’s foundations of degree recognition, credit transfer, and quality assurance standards, which provide a basis for comparable data collection and analysis across diverse national education systems. A multi-source data model combining administrative records with survey data ensures comprehensive macro-level coverage and nuanced micro-level insights. Strengthened feedback mechanisms for data utilization ensure that findings have a tangible impact on educational governance and labor-market policy. The coherence and sustainability of this institutional innovation safeguard the enduring value of the tracking system.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-06-20