结构压力与策略性妥协：一项关于农村籍高职学生高质量就业瓶颈形成机制的质性研究-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Structural Pressures and Strategic Compromise: A Qualitative Study on the Formation Mechanism of Bottlenecks to High-Quality Employment for Rural Vocational College Students

Author(s):: ZHONG Bin¹² XIE Ai-lei³; 1. School of Education, Guangzhou University;2. Center for Faculty Development, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic University;3. School of Education, South China Normal University

Keywords:: rural vocational college students; horizons for action; employment quality; structural pressures; strategic compromise

摘要:: 本研究基于一项针对G市三所高职院校40名农村籍毕业生的深度访谈，立足学生的视角与“行动范畴”理论框架，系统探讨了他们“就业率高但就业质量不高”的现实悖论及其成因。研究发现，三重资本匮乏导致其形成“我不配争” “信息孤岛”与“即时生存理性”的认知倾向，进而使其在就业决策中采取“自我设限” “依赖冷信息”与“生存优先”等策略性妥协行为。研究的理论价值在于，通过揭示结构性压力如何经由认知路径影响学生的就业决策，指出就业过程不仅关乎个体能力与市场需求的匹配，更是一个结构性压力与认知相互作用的过程。这为理解职业教育学生的就业问题提供了新的分析路径，也为推动职业教育公平与质量提升提供了信息参考。

Abstract:: This study draws on in-depth interviews with 40 rural-origin graduates from three higher vocational colleges in City G. Using a student-centered perspective and the “horizons for action” framework,it examines the apparent paradox of “high employment rates but low job quality” and the mechanisms that produce it. The ?ndings show that de?cits in three forms of capital foster cognitive orientations such as “I’m not quali?ed to compete,” “informational isolation,” and an “immediate survival rationality.” These orientations, in turn, lead graduates to adopt strategic compromises in employment decision-making—self-limitation, reliance on impersonal (“cold”) information, and a survival-first logic. The study’s theoretical contribution lies in specifying how structural pressures shape employment decisions through cognitive pathways, demonstrating that school-to-work transitions are not only about matching individual skills to market demand but also about the interaction between structural constraints and subjective sense-making. This offers a new analytical approach to understanding vocational students’ employment challenges and provides policy-relevant insights to advance equity and improve the quality of vocational education.