中美生物医学人才特征与发展路径研究 ——基于全球前2%顶尖科学家榜单及WOS数据的分析-清华大学教育研究

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Title:: A Comparative Study on the Characteristics and Development Pathways of Biomedical Talents in China and the United States — Based on an Analysis of the World’s Top 2% Scientists List and Web of Science (WOS) Data

作者:: 林月华¹ 陈娟¹ 王洪睿² 张建明³ 云彩红⁴; 1.厦门大学图书馆；2.厦门大学生命科学学院；3.上海交通大学张江高等研究院；4.北京大学基础医学院

Author(s):: LIN Yue-hua¹ CHEN Juan¹ WANG Hong-rui² ZHANG Jian-ming³ YUN Cai-hong⁴; 1. Xianmen University Libraries; 2. School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University; 3. Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 4. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University

Keywords:: biomedical science; top-tier scientists; talent characteristics; scientists list; disciplinary development

摘要:: 本文以2017-2024年中美两国入选“全球前2%顶尖科学家榜单”中生物医学领域科学家为研究对象，从人才特征维度，对两国入选科学家的数量规模、机构分布、科研活跃度以及在研年限等进行系统分析比较；同时基于WebofScience收录的生物医学高质量研究成果，从学科发展维度，对比分析两国在论文产出数量、被引频次、科研资助来源以及国际合作等方面的差异。总结出中国生物医学顶尖科学家具有入选人数逐年增长、科研活跃度高以及平均年龄趋减等优势，存在顶尖科学家总量相对不足、研究成果科学影响力有待提升，以及资助来源单一化倾向等短板。为系统性提升中国生物医学领域人才与发展水平，从高等教育视角提出优化人才培养、促进科学家成长和完善科研体制等建议。

Abstract:: This study focused on biomedical scientists from China and the United States included in the Elsevier “World’s Top 2% Scientists” List between 2017 and 2024, and conducted a systematic comparative analysis of the two countries. Regarding talent characteristics, we compared the number of selected scientists, institutional affiliations, research activity level, and research tenure. Regarding disciplinary development levels, we compared the quantity of publications, citation frequency, research funding sources, and international collaboration patterns of high-quality biomedical research papers indexed in the Web of Science (WoS). In the biomedical field, top talent from China demonstrates advantages such as an annual increase in the number of selected scientists, high research activity levels, and a declining average age. However, there are shortcomings, including a relative shortage of top scientists, a need to enhance the scientific impact of research outputs, and a tendency toward reliance on a single funding source. To systematically improve talent strength and development in China’s biomedical field, this study proposes targeted recommendations from the perspective of higher education to optimize talent-training mechanisms, facilitate scientists’ career development, and refine the research governance system.