我国拔尖创新人才选拔的“双轨制”-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The “Dual-Track” System for Selecting Top Innovative Talents in China

Author(s):: NIU Dan¹ LIN Yu-zhu² WANG Ding-ming³; 1. Faculty of Education, Beijing City University; 2. School of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology; 3. Lanzhou University of Arts and Science

摘要:: 我国拔尖创新人才选拔在探索实践中形成了“全国统一高考”和“超常规通道”并存的“双轨制”，其形成原因主要有高等教育集权管理体制、分科取才的历史文化传统与兼顾效率的社会价值准则，其潜在危害有三：一是识别方法相对静态、标准相对单一的高考制度与差异化创新人才发展速度和外显特征不相匹配，易造成选拔性合成谬误；二是效率主导下的超常规选才受功利主义侵袭，存在陷入“效率陷阱”的风险，易造成“表面有效、实则低效”的选拔困局；三是“双轨”制度并存且过度依赖超常规选拔通道，易造成高考改革的内生动力不足，不利于整体提升拔尖创新人才选拔质效。

Abstract:: In the exploration and practice of selecting top innovative talents in China, a “dual-track system” has emerged, comprising the National Unified College Entrance Examination (Gaokao) and the “Exceptional Channel.” The formation of this system is primarily attributed to the centralized management of higher education, the historical and cultural tradition of selecting talent by academic discipline, and the social value criterion of balancing efficiency. There are three potential drawbacks of this system: Firstly, the relatively static identification methods and singular standards of the Gaokao system do not match the varying development paces and external characteristics of differentiated innovative talents, which can easily lead to selective synthetic fallacies. Secondly, the efficiency-oriented exceptional talent selection is susceptible to the infiltration of utilitarianism, facing the risk of falling into an “efficiency trap,” which can easily result in a selection predicament that is “apparently effective but actually inefficient”. Thirdly, the coexistence of the “dual-track” system and excessive reliance on the exceptional selection channel can easily lead to insufficient endogenous motivation for Gaokao reform, which is not conducive to comprehensively improving the quality and efficiency of top innovative talent selection.