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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2025年06期

页码:

131-142

栏目:

人工智能与教育

出版日期:

2025-12-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Legal Regulation of Risks in Generative Artificial Intelligence Educational Applications

作者:

姚 荣 王 倩

华东师范大学 高等教育研究所

Author(s):

YAO Rong WANG Qian

Institute of Higher Education, East China Normal University

关键词:

生成式人工智能; 教育应用; 法律规制; 教育法典; 受教育权

Keywords:

generative artificial intelligence;  application in education;  legal regulation;  Education Code;  right to education

分类号:

G434

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

生成式人工智能教育应用引发了教育主体自主性的消解、加剧教育领域的数字鸿沟、弱化教育的道德塑造功能等伦理风险,以及侵害公民受教育权与国家教育权、引发新型学术不端与知识产权侵权、侵害个人隐私与国家教育数据安全等法律风险。生成式人工智能教育应用的风险规制,应恪守以人为本的伦理规制理念,秉持规范主义与功能主义相统一的规制进路,以实现受教育权与学术自由等基本权利的体系化保障。从规范主义进路而言,应以教育法典编纂为契机,在教育法典总则中创设“在线教育”章,明确技术应用的基本原则,并设置相应的法律责任条款促进法典的落实;在教育法典分则各编进一步明晰教育法律主体的权利义务框架。从功能主义进路而言,政府规制模式需转向敏捷治理下的风险分级分类规制;应在受规制的自我规制原则指导下,构建风险预防与赋能治理功能相统一的高校自我规制框架。

Abstract:

The application of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in education has raised significant ethical and legal challenges. In terms of ethical risks, it may erode the autonomy of educational subjects, intensify the digital divide in the field of education, and weaken the moral shaping function of education. As for legal challenges, it poses threats of infringing upon citizens’ right to education and the state’s power in education, triggering new types of academic misconduct and intellectual property infringement, as well as violating personal privacy and the security of national educational data. To realize the systematic protection of basic rights such as the right to education and academic freedom, the risk regulation of GenAI applications in education should adhere to the concept of people-oriented ethical regulation and uphold a regulatory approach that unifies normativism and functionalism. From a normative perspective, this involves taking the opportunity of compiling the Education Code to include a chapter on “Online Education” in the General Provisions of the Education Code, defining the basic principles for technology application and formulating corresponding legal liability clauses to promote the implementation of the Code. It also requires further clarifying the framework of rights and obligations of educational legal entities in each specific section of the Specific Provisions of the Education Code. From a functionalist perspective, the government’s regulation model should shift to risk classification and grading regulation under agile governance, while a self-regulation framework that integrates risk prevention and empowerment governance should be established in colleges and universities under the principle of regulated self-regulation.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-12-20