教育中主体性困境与重塑:基于比斯塔“主体化”理论的分析-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Crisis and Reconstruction of Subjectivity in Education：An Analysis Based on Gert Biesta’s Theory of Subjectification

Author(s):: WANG Xiao-han SHI Zhong-ying; School of Education, Tsinghua University

Keywords:: Gert Biesta; subjectification; subjectivity; educational functions

摘要:: 当前,教育面临新的主体性困境,具体表现为学生一面不断追逐学业成就与精英身份,一面遭遇深层次的意义感危机,陷入普遍的迷茫与焦虑。本文基于格特·比斯塔的“主体化”教育理论,揭示出此困境的本质在于学生的主体在既定秩序之外无所依凭。现代教育的三个重要问题很可能导致了这一困境:现代教育过分强调资格化与社会化,忽视了主体化的功能;缺乏对自我与他者关系的本体性理解;缺乏应对教育中的不确定与风险的勇气。然而,“主体化”教育理论存在一定的局限性,“主体化”概念在如何指导具体教育实践方面仍显模糊。为此,本文尝试从理论出发探索回应教育中主体性重塑的实践路径。

Abstract:: Currently, education faces a new crisis of subjectivity. This is manifested in the fact that students are relentlessly pursuing academic achievement and elite status, while simultaneously encountering a profound crisis of meaning, thus falling into widespread confusion and anxiety. Based on Gert Biesta’s theory of subjectification, this paper reveals that the essence of this crisis lies in the fact that students’ subject has no reliance beyond the established social order. Three key issues in modern education are likely to have caused this crisis: excessive emphasis on qualification and socialization, which neglects the function of subjectification; lack of ontological understanding of the relationship between self and the Other; and insufficient courage to cope with uncertainty and risks education. However, the theory of subjectification itself has certain limitations. In particular, the concept of subjectification is ambiguous in educational practice. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore practical pathways for reconstructing subjectivity in modern education based on this theory.