乡村教师配置政策体系的演进与改进-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Evolution and Improvement of the Rural Teacher Allocation Policy System

Author(s):: WANG Hong JIANG Jun-ru; College of Teacher Education, South China Normal University

Keywords:: rural teachers; teacher allocation policies; evolutionary process; evolutionary characteristics; improvement strategies

摘要:: 作为支撑偏远地区及乡村教育发展的核心机制,乡村教师配置政策体系通过系统的教师培养与资源调配,有效缓解了乡村教师队伍建设中的结构性矛盾。本研究通过对1993-2025年政策文本的系统梳理,揭示政策体系历经了初步探索(1993-2004)、全面建构(2005-2017)、扩展优化(2018-2025)三阶段的历史演进。政策体系的演变特征呈现出总体目标的阶段性深化、数量供给与质量提升协同推进、职前培养与职后学历提升的深度融合。面向新时代乡村教育高质量发展需求,政策体系亟须构建精细化配置指标体系以实现师资供需精准调配,强化职后调配机制以优化长效留任机制,推进教师数智化培养与乡土文化赋能相融合的创新型人才培养路径。

Abstract:: As a core mechanism supporting educational development in remote and rural areas, the rural teacher allocation policy system has effectively mitigated structural challenges in rural teacher workforce development through systematic teacher cultivation and resource allocation and deployment. By systematically reviewing and analyzing policy texts from 1993 to 2025, this study identifies three evolutionary stages： preliminary exploration (1993-2004), comprehensive institutionalization (2005-2017), and strategic enhancement (2018-2025). Key evolutionary characteristics include the phased deepening of overarching policy objectives, the synergistic advancement of quantitative supply and qualitative improvement, and the policies for deep integration of pre-service education and post-service academic advancement. To meet the demands of high-quality rural education in the new era, the policy framework requires constructing a refined allocation indicator system to achieve precise supply-demand matching of teacher resources, strengthening post-service deployment mechanisms to optimize the long-term teacher retention mechanism, and pathways for innovative talent cultivation that integrate digital and intelligent teacher cultivation with indigenous cultural empowerment.