大科学时代有组织科研激励制度优化研究-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Optimizing Incentive Mechanisms for Organized Scientific Research in the Big Science Era

Author(s):: WU Jing-jing¹ WU Ze-hao² ZHOU Guang-li¹; 1.School of Education, Renmin University of China;2.School of Economics, Peking University

Keywords:: scientific research management; innovation institution; organized scientific research; incentive mechanisms

摘要:: 大科学时代,何种激励制度更能激发科研人员尽展其才、深化协作,提升有组织科研创新效能,是当下科研治理领域的难题。利用博弈论方法,对比了有组织科研情境下不同激励制度的运行逻辑和激励效果,从理论上总结了制度优化的内在逻辑;通过分析国际科学界科研成果署名制度的最新实践,为理论发现提供了进一步的经验支持。研究表明:以论文署名排序和第一作者制度为代表的现行科研管理规则是一种刚性的激励制度,其固定的激励结构无法与复杂、多变的合作实践相适配,导致微观个体对有组织科研的投入存在系统性不足;建立自适应性、动态性、贡献驱动的科研收益分享机制和合作框架下的竞争机制,能够有效弥补效率损失。政策建议:借鉴贡献者角色分类制度等国际经验,推动个体贡献披露的透明化、客观化和标准化,在此基础上建立以贡献为导向的多元化人才评价体系;坚持以人民为中心的价值取向,弘扬“功成不必在我”的奉献精神,营造团结协作的创新生态,培育中国特色科学文化。

Abstract:: In the Big Science era, the optimal incentive mechanisms for organized scientific research remains a critical challenge in research governance.This study employs a game theory approach to compare the incentive effects of different mechanisms in organized research contexts, theoretically elucidating the intrinsic logic of institutional optimization. By analyzing recent international practices regarding scientific authorship, the research provides empirical validation for theoretical findings. Findings indicate that current incentive systems, exemplified by traditional authorship rules, represent rigid structures. Their fixed incentive framework fails to adapt to the complex and dynamic nature of collaborative practices, resulting in systemic underinvestment by individuals in organized research. Establishing adaptive, dynamic, and contribution-driven mechanisms can effectively mitigate efficiency losses. Policy recommendations suggest adopting international approaches, such as the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), to promote transparency, objectivity, and standardization in disclosing individual contributions, thereby building a diversified talent evaluation system oriented towards contribution. Furthermore, it is crucial to uphold a people-centered value orientation, foster the spirit of selfless dedication(“success need not be attributed to me”), cultivate collaborative innovation ecosystems, and nurture a distinctive Chinese scientific culture.