如何理解和研究教育场域:布尔迪厄社会学认识论及其对应分析法-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Understanding and Investigating the Educational Fields: Bourdieu’s Epistemology of Sociology and Correspondence Analysis Methods

Author(s):: LUO Wei¹ WANG Chen²; 1.School of Education, University of Hamburg;2.Institute of Education History and Culture, Beijing Normal University

Keywords:: Correspondence Analysis; object construction; sociological epistemology; educational field

摘要:: 国内教育学界关于布尔迪厄教育社会学理论的研究主要集中于其操作结果,其研究的操作原理,即认识论原则与方法论尚未得到充分关注。本研究通过考察布尔迪厄早期文献,分析其社会学认识论原则,并揭示其核心统计工具——对应分析法的原理及其在场域统计建构中的具体实践策略。研究指出:(1)布尔迪厄在法国科学史传统的影响下,确立了“常识断裂观”和“对象建构观”,强调通过建立“关系性的”理论和概念系统,实现对社会现象的科学建构和解释;(2)引入以物理学关系隐喻为核心的“场域”概念,实现对社会现象的关系性理解;(3)采用与其认识论立场契合的对应分析方法,构建场域的统计学模型,从而揭示场域运作的普遍性与特殊性。基于理论假设,收集与编码经验或历史材料,并进行对应分析,可以重构包括教育在内的各类场域的结构。

Abstract:: Research on Bourdieu’s sociological theory of education has primarily focused on its outcomes (opus operatum). However, the underlying principles of his approach (modus operandi), including its epistemological and methodological foundations, remain under-explored. This study examines Bourdieu’s early works to analyze the epistemological principles underpinning his sociology and to elucidate the principles and application of his core statistical tool—Correspondence Analysis—in the empirical construction of fields. Influenced by the French tradition in the history of science, Bourdieu emphasized the importance of the “epistemological break” and the “construction of the object,” advocating the development of relational theories and conceptual systems to scientifically construct and explain social phenomena. Central to his approach is the concept of “field,” which draws on metaphors from physics to provide a relational understanding of social positions. Correspondence Analysis, a statistical method closely aligned with his epistemological stance, enables the construction of models that reveal both the universal principles and the specific dynamics of fields. By formulating theoretical assumptions, collecting and coding empirical or historical data, and applying Correspondence Analysis, researchers can reconstruct the structures of various fields, including educational fields.