超越教育惩戒权：“无法管”教育现象的危害、成因及其破解-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Beyond the Power of Education Punishment: The Harm, Causes and Solutions of “Undisciplinable” Education Phenomenon

Author(s):: MA Jian-sheng ZHANG Fang-yao; Institute of International and Comparative Education, Beijing Normal University

Keywords:: educational punishment; beyond uncontrollability; corporal punishment; disciplinary concept

摘要:: 长期以来,教育惩戒存在行使主体惩戒素养和法律意识不足、权责分离和法律风险并存以及社会观念冲突和负面舆论风向的问题,导致教师深陷“不能管、不想管、不敢管”的窘境。究其原因,“无法管”是教育惩戒落实难的根本症结,即现行法律和规则未能在微观层面上,为教师提供具有操作性的惩戒行使的规范和指导。教育惩戒“无法管”的问题源于教育惩戒观念缺失、立法层面正当程序和实施细则缺失、司法判例指导性不足,以及惩戒和体罚概念的混淆。若要破解教师“无法管”的难题,就必须超越教育惩戒权的赋权问题,即完善教育惩戒立法,细化法定程序和实施细则,完善案例指导制度,构建惩戒家校合作机制。

Abstract:: For a long time, issues such as insufficient disciplinary literacy and legal awareness among educators, separation of power and responsibility, coexistence of legal risks, conflicting social perceptions, and negative public opinion have left teachers trapped in the dilemma of “can not discipline, do not want to discipline, dare not discipline”. The root cause lies in the problem of “uncontrollability” in educational punishment, namely that current laws and regulations fail to provide teachers with practical operational norms and guidance at the micro level. This problem stems from the lack of conceptual clarity on education punishment, the absence of due process and implementation details in legislation, insufficient judicial guidance, and the confusion between punishment and corporal punishment. To address the challenge of teachers’ inability to exercise discipline, it is essential to go beyond the issue of merely empowering educational punishment. This includes improving relevant legislation, refining legal procedures and implementation rules, strengthening the judicial case guidance system, and building mechanisms for disciplinary cooperation between schools and families.