数字平台的社会教育权及其规制-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Social Power to Education of Digital Platforms and Its Regulation

Author(s):: ZHAO He-dong SHEN Su-ping; School of Education, Renmin University of China

Keywords:: digital platforms; social power to education; network protection system for minors

摘要:: 数字平台的社会教育权是平台“私权力”在社会公共领域的派生。平台具有对未成年人进行社会教育的事实功能和规范依据,但以营利为目的的“私权力”在缺乏外部引导与监管的情况下往往与社会教育的公益目的相冲突,具有规制的必要性。现有的社会教育权理论对此解释力不足;未成年人网络保护制度也存在重保护轻发展的功能局限,不能代替教育法的规制。对数字平台社会教育权的规制应当立足于其大众传播的教育功能及公用事业属性,以国家监管为理念,以未成年人发展权的保障为逻辑。通过在教育法中设置义务条款、运用行政指导指引良好实践以及避免施加不合理限制来引导数字平台社会教育权的实现;通过加强对未成年人模式的内容监管、保障未成年人自动化决策拒绝权以防止数字平台社会教育权的滥用。

Abstract:: Digital platforms’ social power to education is a derivative of the platform’s “private power” in the public sphere of society. The digital platform has a factual function and normative basis for providing social education to minors. However, in the absence of external guidance and supervision, the “private power” for profit often conflicts with the public welfare purpose of social education, which requires regulation. The existing theory of the right to social education lacks explanatory power. The network protection system for minors also has limitations in emphasizing protection over development and cannot replace the regulation of education laws. The regulation of digital platforms’ social power to education should be based on their educational function of mass communication and public utility attributes, with national regulation as the concept and the protection of the development rights of minors as the logic. Guiding the realization of digital platforms’ social power to education through establishing obligation clauses in the Education Law, using administrative guidance to provide good practices, and avoiding unreasonable restrictions. By strengthening the content supervision of the minors’ mode and protecting the right to refuse automated decision-making of minors, we can prevent the abuse of digital platforms’ social power to education.