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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2024年05期

页码:

110-115

栏目:

教育经济与财政

出版日期:

2024-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

The Intensity of Policy Intervention: The Key of Improving the Rural Teacher’s Source Quality

作者:

郭艳斌¹ 杜育红²

1.中国教育科学研究院;2.北京师范大学 教育学部

Author(s):

GUO Yan-bin¹ DU Yu-hong²

1.China National Academy of Educational Sciences;2.Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University

关键词:

人口流动; 农村教师; 中师; 生源质量; 科学教育; 优师计划

Keywords:

population mobility;  rural teachers;  secondary normal schools;  the quality of student sources;  science education;  targeted teacher training plan

分类号:

G659.20

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

乡村振兴是实现共同富裕的内在要求,乡村振兴离不开农村教育振兴,农村教育振兴的关键在农村教师。在新的发展阶段,农村教师队伍建设面临新的严峻挑战。为此,国家已经出台了一系列旨在加强农村教师队伍建设的政策,这些政策能在多大程度上提升农村教师生源质量,还有待检验。本研究基于2007-2018年全国大样本的行政数据,以跨年跨省可比的高考成绩百分等级作为农村教师生源质量的测量指标,间接评估了农村教师政策的效果。研究发现,农村教师政策是有效的,对于兜住农村教师生源质量的底线起到了不可或缺的重要作用,但政策力度还有待进一步增强。人口自由流动和政策干预力度是影响当前农村教师生源质量的最主要因素。全国统一大市场的建立和完善与城镇化水平的持续提高势必加速人口自由流动,进而冲击农村教师生源质量。保障生源质量兼顾履约率的招生制度、立足长远鼓励先进的职后培养模式、与城乡区域差距相适应的全方位激励举措是对冲人口流动对农村教师生源质量不利影响、振兴农村教育、早日实现全体人民共同富裕的应有之义。

Abstract:

Rural revitalization is a fundamental requirement for achieving common prosperity, and it depends on the revitalization of rural education, which in turn relies on rural teachers. At this new stage of development, the construction of the rural teaching workforce faces severe challenges. In response, the Chinese government has implemented a series of policies aimed at strengthening the rural teaching workforce. However, the extent to which these policies can improve the quality of rural teacher recruitment remains to be evaluated. This study, using nationwide administrative data from 2007 to 2018, indirectly assesses the effectiveness of rural teacher policies by employing a comparable index across years and provinces that measures the academic quality of prospective rural teachers. The findings indicate that rural teacher policies have played an indispensable role in maintaining a basic standard of teacher recruitment quality, but the intensity of these policies needs further enhancement. Currently, population mobility and the intensity of policy intervention are the primary factors influencing the quality of rural teacher recruitment. The establishment and improvement of a unified national market and the ongoing advancement of urbanization will inevitably accelerate population mobility, thereby affecting the quality of rural teachers. To mitigate the adverse effects of population mobility on rural teacher quality, it is necessary to implement an enrollment system that ensures both the quality of recruits and a high rate of commitment, to promote long-term advanced post-employment training models, and to develop comprehensive incentive measures that are tailored to the disparities between urban and rural areas. These strategies are essential for revitalizing rural education and achieving common prosperity for all.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-10-20