家庭资本、教养方式与博士子女创新能力 ——兼论拔尖创新人才培养的家校生共促关系-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Impact of Family Capital and Parenting Style on Ph.D.Offspring’s Innovative Competencies:On the Family-School-Student Synergy in Cultivating Top-tier Innovative Talent

Author(s):: HUANG Wei-hai¹ HUANG Bin²; 1.College of Public Management, Nanjing Agricultural University;2.Institute of Education, Nanjing University

Keywords:: family economic capital; family cultural capital; family social capital; parenting style; innovative competencies

摘要:: 讨论拔尖创新人才培养的基础是个体创新能力的形成机制。基于对全国2022名毕业博士生的调查统计,博士原生家庭的经济资本、文化资本和社会资本水平都显著高于社会平均水平,且绝大部分采取了自主性支持的教养方式。通过构建创新能力生成过程的结构方程模型分析影响路径,发现家庭的自主性支持教养方式对子女的创新能力存在长期且深刻的影响;优质学校教育是子女创新能力的重要来源,家庭资本通过影响各学段优质教育资源的获取使得子女获得更好的创新能力发展;通过影响子女的学习方式及投入程度进而间接影响创新能力是家庭资本、教养方式发挥作用的另一条重要路径。但是,家庭文化资本的作用存在“木桶效应”,只有家庭最低文化资本的提升才能发挥显著作用;三种家庭资本水平都高并不能呈现出相互促进的“锦上添花”效应。因此,家庭在重视子女就读学校的同时,还应当重视培养子女的自主性人格,合理投资与子女能力禀赋相匹配的教育资源,家校生共同促进创新能力的生成和拔尖人才的成长。

Abstract:: The foundation for cultivating top-tier innovative talent lies in understanding the formation mechanism of individual innovative competencies. Based on a survey of 2,022 Ph.D.graduates across China, this paper finds that Ph.D.graduates’ original family backgrounds in economic, cultural, and social capital are significantly above the societal average. Moreover, most families adopt an autonomy-supportive parenting style. Using a structural equation model to analyze the formation of innovative competencies, the study reveals that high-quality schooling is a crucial source of these competencies. Family capital influences access to high-quality education at various stages, thereby enhancing offspring’s innovative abilities. Another important pathway through which family capital and parenting style indirectly influence innovative competencies is by shaping children’s learning methods and engagement. However, there is a “barrel effect” in family cultural capital, meaning that only improvements in the lowest levels of cultural capital yield a significant impact; having high levels across all three forms of family capital does not produce an “icing on the cake” effect. Therefore, families should focus not only on school selection but also on cultivating children’s autonomy, investing in educational resources that align with their abilities, and supporting a family-school-student partnership to promote the growth of innovative competencies.