校外培训治理的政策工具选择及其优化 ——基于20个省级“双减”政策文本的分析-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Selection and Optimization of Policy Tools for the Governance of Off-School Training Institutions ——An Analysis Based on 20 Provincial “Double Reduction” Policy Texts

Author(s):: ZHANG Mao-cong LYU Xiao-min DU Wen-jing; College of Public Administration, Shandong Normal University

Keywords:: “Double Reduction” Policy; off-school training governance; policy tools; policy text analysis

摘要:: 2021年《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》旨在整合校内提质增效、进行校外培训机构治理减轻学生学业负担,各省随即出台实施细则予以落实。基于政策工具与校外培训治理政策内容建立二维分析框架,梳理20个省市政策文件中涉及校外培训治理部分,通过计量分析发现:政策工具使用类型偏好权威性工具,需优化工具多样化组合应用;治理政策工具选择同质化,部分地区创新性有待提升;政策工具选择暗指运动式治理倾向,治理长效性堪忧。为提高治理有效性,应着力优化政策组合、减少权威性工具使用,应增强政策创新性、建立府际学习机制,遵循“公共治理范式”,建设良好校外培训治理生态。

Abstract:: The Opinions on Further Reducing the Work Burden and Off-school Training Burden of Students in Compulsory Education announced in 2021 aim to improve the quality and efficiency of schools while regulating off-school training institutions to reduce students’ academic burden. The provinces immediately issued implementation rules to implement the policy. Based on the content of policy tools and governance policies for off-school training, this study established a two-dimensional framework to analyze the section on the governance of off-school training in 20 provincial and municipal policy documents. Through quantitative analysis, we found that: the authoritative tool is the preferred type of policy tool used, and it is necessary to diversify the combination and application of different types of tools; the choice of governance policy tools was homogeneous across provinces, and some regions need to be more innovative; the selection of policy tools implies the tendency of “governance through movement”, and the long-term effectiveness of governance is worrying. In order to improve the effectiveness of governance, efforts should be made to optimize the variety of policy tools, reduce the use of authoritative tools, enhance policy innovation, establish inter-governmental learning mechanisms, follow the “public governance paradigm”, and build a good governance ecosystem for off-school training.