德国双元制职业教育企业方管理结构的起源、特征与功能-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Enterprise Side’s Organizational Structure of German Dual Vocational Training System

Author(s):: RONG Yan-hong¹ LIU Yi-guo²; 1.College of Education, Hebei University;2.Institute of Vocational and Technical Education Center, Ministry of Education

Keywords:: German dual vocational training system; organizational structure of enterprise side; origin; characteristics; functions

摘要:: 企业方管理结构是德国双元职业教育制度的核心,双元职业教育制度的优越性离不开企业方管理结构功能的发挥。双元制企业方管理结构是由联邦管理机构、商会和企业等宏观、中观和微观三个层面的众多管理机构组成的。企业方管理结构是德国古老的行会学徒制度与国家力量结合的产物,其中,1897年《手工业法》确保了行会力量对学徒制度的继续管理,1969年《职业培训法案》则为该制度增添了现代化的管理理念和管理内容。企业方管理结构具有国家力量宏观引导和规范、行业实施自主管理、大小事务共同协商的特征;企业方管理结构在激励企业开展学徒培训、规范企业培训行为和确保企业培训质量方面具有重要的作用。

Abstract:: The organizational structure of the enterprise side is the core of German dual vocational education system, and also essentially contributes to the superiority of the dual system. The structure which is created by the combination of the old guild apprenticeship system and the state power is composed of the federal regulatory agencies, the chambers, the enterprises and so on. The Handicraft Act of 1897 reserves the guilds’ apprentices training rights, and the Vocational Training Act of 1969 adds the modern management thoughts and contents to the system. The structure works by the guidance of the national macro policies, occupation-led and participants’ common consultation of large and small affairs. The structure plays an important role in encouraging enterprises to carry out training, standardizing training behavior and ensuring training quality.