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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2022年05期

页码:

1-11

栏目:

教育思想与理论

出版日期:

2022-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

World Pictures of Higher Education Institutions Classification Systems：Construction Logics and Evolution Paths

作者:

崔乃文

扬州大学 教育科学学院

Author(s):

CUI Nai-wen

School of Education Science, Yangzhou University

关键词:

高校分类; 高等教育体系; 学术知识类型; 建构逻辑; 演化路径

Keywords:

classification of higher education institutions; higher education system; academic knowledge type; construction logic; evolution paths

分类号:

G649.1

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

本文尝试提出认识高等学校分类的一般理论框架，以此来解释不同国家高校分类体系之间存在的多重差异，从而理解高校分类的本质逻辑。所有国家的高校分类体系都要面对两种一般矛盾关系，即不同类型高校之间的关系与不同层级高校之间的关系，前者内含分化与整合的矛盾，后者内含分层与平等的矛盾。对一般矛盾关系的处理，理论上存在双轨、双元、一元和分层体系四种理想类型。在内部学术知识逻辑与外部结构性力量的影响下，不同国家对高校分类问题存在不同的认知与本土建构，由此产生了对一般矛盾关系差异化的处理方式，以及四种理想类型不同的组合、呈现与运行方式，最终形成了高校分类体系不同的建构逻辑与演化路径。德国的平等双轨体系与美国的一元分层体系，大致构成了分类体系的两极，而我国高校分类发展目标的本质是断裂式变革，即逆转一元化与等级化趋势，走向另一极的多元分类体系。

Abstract:

This article attempts to propose a general theoretical framework for understanding the classification of higher education institutions as a way to explain the multiple differences between the classification systems of higher education institutions in different countries and to understand the essential logic of the classification of higher education institutions. All national higher education classification systems have to face two general contradictory relationships, namely, the relationship between different types of higher education institutions and the relationship between different levels of higher education institutions, the former of which contains the contradiction of differentiation and integration, and the latter of which contains the contradiction of stratification and equality. There are four ideal types of theoretical treatment of the general contradictory relationships, namely, dual, binary, unified and stratified systems. Under the influence of internal academic knowledge logic and external structural forces, different countries have different perceptions and local constructions on the issue of HEIs classification, which results in different ways of handling the general contradictory relationship and different combinations, presentation and operation of the four ideal types, finally forming different construction logic and evolution paths of HEIs classification system. The German dual-system of equality and the American unified but stratified system roughly constitute the two poles of the classification system, while the essence of the goal of China's HEIs classification development is a fractured change, i.e. reversing the trend of unified and hierarchical, and moving towards a dual-system of the other pole.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2022-10-20