日本政府与NGO国际教育援助合作机制分析——基于对“相互依赖性”与“组织身份”的考察-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: An Analysis of the Cooperation-Mechanism between Japanese Government and NGOs in International Education Aid——Based on the Investigation of “Interdependence” and“Organizational Identity”

Author(s):: JIANG Ying-min WANG Wen-jing YANG Lan; Institute?of?International?and?Comparative?Education,?Beijing?Normal?University

Keywords:: Japanese government; NGOs; international education aid; cooperation model

摘要:: 作为国际教育援助三大主体的国际组织、援助国政府、NGO近年来形成多元、多层、多途径合作的局面，特别是政府与NGO，基于对彼此资源的相互依赖，形成不同的合作模式，其合作机制值得深讨。日本作为经验丰富的援助大国，政府与NGO的合作是通过“政府购买服务”“对话协商”“助推NGO发展”三大制度结构来实现的，而在具体实施过程中，双方根据不同的“资源依赖性”与“组织身份定位”，组合成“伙伴型”“合同型”“延伸型”合作关系。在“伙伴型”关系中双方构成对称性依赖关系，维持各自的组织身份，在“合同型”关系中形成非对称性依赖关系，NGO虽然自主却也受政府的条件牵制，在“延伸型”合作关系下NGO过度依赖政府，致其依附型发展。

Abstract:: In recent years, international organizations, donor governments and NGOs, the three main bodies of international education aid, have formed pluralistic, multi-layered, and multi-channel cooperation. Governments and NGOs, in particular, have formed different cooperation models based on the interdependence of each other's resources. It is worthy of exploring the cooperation mechanism.As an experienced donor country, Japan’s cooperation with NGOs is realized through three institutional structures: “government purchases of services”, “dialogue and consultation”, and “boosting the development of NGOs”. In the implementation, based on different “resource-dependency” and “organizational identity”, the two sides have formed three types of relationship, that are “partnership”, “contract-based” and “extended collaboration” respectively. In the “partnership” relationship, the two sides form a symmetrical-dependency relationship and both maintain their respective organizational identities. In the “contract-based” relationship, the two sides form an asymmetrical-dependency relationship in which NGOs are autonomous but subject to government conditions. In the “extended collaboration” relationship, NGOs are overly dependent on the government, resulting in their dependent development.