美国“全政府”对华战略对中美教育科技交流影响的深度分析-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: An In-depth Analysis of the Impact of the US “Whole of Government” Strategy towards China on China-US Education and Technology Exchanges

Author(s):: MAO Xi-long¹ ?XU Hui¹ ²; 1.Institute?of?International?and?Comparative?Education,?Zhejiang?Normal?University; 2.The?Central?Committee?of?China?Democratic?League

Keywords:: “whole-of-government”; strategy towards China; the Trump administration; education and technology exchange

摘要:: 随着中美两国步入大国竞争时代，美国采取“全政府”对华战略，把限制中美教育科技交流，尤其是高科技交流，作为遏制中国发展的重要手段。“全政府”主要是指决策和执行的“全政府”，侧重政府部门之间的广泛协作。在其指导下，特朗普政府的白宫、国务院、教育部等主要行政部门相互协作，推出了系列对华教育科技交流打压、设限的政策和行动，并体现出思想上的统一性、政策上的完整性、行动上协同性等鲜明特点。特朗普政府限制中美教育科技交流将弱化中美战略互信根基，削弱美国高等教育的影响力、科技创新力和公共外交软实力，并对中美及全球教育科技交流合作和中国高科技发展产生一定的负面影响，同时也为拜登政府的对华教育科技交流设置樊笼。

Abstract:: As China and the United States step into an era of great power competition, the United States adopts the “whole of government” strategy towards China by limiting China-US education and technology exchanges, especially in the high-tech field, as a key approach to curb China’s development. The “whole of government” refers to the “whole of government” in decision-making and implementation, emphasizing the extensive interdepartmental collaboration. Driven by the strategy, the White House, the Department of State, the Department of Education, and other major administrative departments of the Trump Administration build cooperative structures and introduce a series of policies and acts, aiming to suppress and limit the education and technology exchanges with China. Such moves show three distinctive characteristics: strategic consensus, deliberate policy-making, and coordinated action. Trump administration’s restriction on China-US education and technology exchanges will undermine China-US strategic mutual trust and weaken US’s influence in higher education, technological innovation, and soft power of public diplomacy. It will also have a negative impact on the education and technology exchanges between China, US, and other countries and hinder China’s high-tech development. Furthermore, to some extent, it will leave the Biden administration with a problem of how to deal with China-US education and technology exchanges.