从分科之学到科学之学 ——蔡元培学术观的转变与北京大学改革(1917-1923)-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: From?Traditional?Scholarship?to?Modern?Science:?The?Transformation?of?Cai?Yuanpei’s?Conception?of?Academy?and?the?Peking?University?Reformation?(1917-1923)

Author(s):: XING Huan; Faculty?of?Education,?Central?China?Normal?University

Keywords:: Cai Yuanpei; Peking University; science; academic institution; modern university

摘要:: 蔡元培的学术观在民国早期发生了重要转变，这一转变通过北京大学改革，促使北大从旧式学堂转向现代大学。对蔡元培任北京大学校长期间提出之改革方案的分析发现，相比民初，蔡元培扩大了“学”的范围，并调整了“学”的内在关系。这一变化实质上是“学”的本质由近代分科之学到现代科学之学的转变。蔡元培的学术观转变顺应了民初科学观的转变，渗透于北京大学改革方案，促使北大进行了一系列反映新科学观的学术建制改革。新建立的学术建制匹配于现代学术，推动北大迈向现代大学。

Abstract:: Cai Yuanpei’s conception of the academy underwent an important change in the early period of the Republic of China, which prompted Peking University to change from an old-style college to a modern university through the reformation. The analysis of the reform plan proposed by Cai Yuanpei during his tenure as President of Peking University showed that, compared with the first several years of the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei expanded the scope of “academy” and adjusted its internal relationship. The essence of these changes was from traditional scholarship which was characterized by the specialization to modern science centered on scientific methods. Cai Yuanpei’s change of academic concept conformed to the change of scientific concept in the early Republic of China, infiltrated into the reform plan of Peking University, and promoted Peking University to carry out a series of academic institutional reforms reflecting the new scientific concept. The newly established academic institution matched the modern academy and drives Peking University into a modern university.