创造性思维教育与洪堡大学理念-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: ZHANG Ye-hong; Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tsinghua University

Keywords:: idea of university; cultivation of creative thinking; William von Humboldt; university of excellence

摘要:: 以洪堡为代表的“通过科学达致修养”的德国古典大学理念注重教育的内在力量，认为科学探求和科学精神的培养是心智塑造与人格完善的必由之路。“通过科学达致修养”的教育理念注重在年轻人身上唤起科学的观念，使其走进科学的源泉，在整体关联中探索具体现象。这一理念体现了具有精英内在品质的大学教育思想。一流大学应保持对整体性科学观念的追求。科学的统一性激发人的想象力与创造力，整体性的科学观念是原创精神的源泉。一流大学的教育旨在唤起学生不断产生对人类社会和客观世界探索的热情，养成科学精神，培养科学的洞察力，发展创造性思维。教师将知识系统化，引领学生对人类生存本质性问题进行思考和探索，体现学而致知的精神，积蓄自身知识创造的内在力量。

Abstract:: The German classical idea of university, represented by William von Humboldt’s “Self-cultivation through Academic Studies” (Bildung durch Wissenschaft), highlights the intrinsic motivation of education and believes that scientific exploration and the cultivation of academic spirits is the best way for mental shaping and personality perfection. The educational philosophy of “Self-cultivation through Academic Studies” focuses on inspiring young people’s scientific ideas, bringing them into the source of science, and exploring specific phenomena in the overall scientific correlation. This philosophy embodies an idea of university education with inherently elite attributes. World-class universities should retain the pursuit of unified understanding of science. The holistic scientific concept is the source of the original spirit and should be able to intrigue imagination and creativity of human beings. World-class universities should be able to inspire students to constantly generate enthusiasm for understanding human society and the objective world, cultivate scientific spirits, promote scientific insights, and develop creative thinking ability. University faculties should systematize knowledge based on their intellectual accumulation, lead students to explore the essential problems of human existence, embody the spirit of learning to acquire knowledge, and cultivate the inherent power of innovative thinking.

[1]叶赋桂,罗燕.大学制度变革：洪堡及其意义[J].清华大学教育研究,2015,(5):21.
[2]钱颖一.批判性思维与创造性思维教育：理念与实践[J].清华大学教育研究,2018,(04):1.
　QIAN Yingyi.Educating Students in Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking : Theory and Practice[J].TSINGHUA JOURNAL OF EDUCATION,2018,(05):1.
[3]万俊人.大学的理念与理想的大学 ——以现代综合-研究型大学为例[J].清华大学教育研究,2023,(01):3.
　WAN Jun-ren.The Idea of University and Ideal University ——Modern Comprehensive Research University as an Example[J].TSINGHUA JOURNAL OF EDUCATION,2023,(05):3.