学位授予行为的法律性质及制度创新 ——基于司法审判的反思-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Legal Nature and Institutional Innovation of Degree-awarding Behavior-based on Judicial Judgment

Author(s):: ZHOU Xiang YAN Ran; School of Education，Renmin University of China

Keywords:: power of academic degree granting; degree-awarding behavior; duality; three review to unite as one; administrative reconsideration

摘要:: 在国家学位制度下，学位授予权是“具有知识属性的行政权”，学位授予行为呈现行政行为与自治行为并存的“二象性”特征。司法实务中，法官通过能动的作为，将“学术自治”进行行政程序化处理，回避了对学术问题的干预。从对司法审判的分析发现，解决学位纠纷，要处理好民事领域的自治行为和行政领域的赋权行为的冲突和融合。在制度创新上，既可以借用司法审判改革的“三审合一”模式，也可以参照行政复议设计前置化、非诉化的争议解决机制。在完善学位授予制度时，需要围绕知识创新的本质来设立学位授予相关的实体规则以及程序规则，对高校及内设机构的学位授予行为进行实体与程序的双重规制。

Abstract:: Under the national academic degree structure，the power of granting academic degree is an“executive power with knowledge attribute”，and the degree-granting behavior presents the“duality”feature that administrative behavior and autonomous behavior coexisted.In judicial practice，through Judicial Activism，the judge makes“academic autonomy”an administrative procedure and avoids interfering in academic issues.It is found that to solve the degree dispute，we should deal with the conflict and integration between the autonomous behavior in the civil field and the empowering behavior in the administrative field.In terms of system innovation，we cannot only borrow the mode of“three review to unite as one”in judicial trial reform，but also refer to the dispute resolution mechanism of administrative reconsideration.When revising the degree-awarding system，it is necessary to establish the substantive rules and procedure rules based on the nature of knowledge innovation.