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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2019年05期

页码:

49-60

栏目:

教育思想与理论

出版日期:

2019-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

How?Skills?Are?Formed:Type?Discussion?and?PatternAnalysis

作者:

杨子舟 荀关玉

曲靖师范学院 经济与管理学院

Author(s):

YANG Zi-zhou XUN Guan-yu

Economics?and?Management?School,?Qujing?Normal?College

关键词:

职业教育; 职业培训; 技能形成; 技能类型; 国际比较

Keywords:

vocational education;  vocational training;  skill formation;  skill type;  international comparison

分类号:

G710

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

技能形成问题是我国从制造大国迈向制造强国的关键问题。通过类型化探究，发现专用型技能面临“挖墙脚”和“工作保护”的形成难题，而高技能需要达到非程序化的操作和认知水平。深入分析行业专用型的德国“职业人”模式、企业专用型的日本 “企业人”模式、通用型的美国 “能力人”模式，发现制造强国在劳动力的技能形成背景、职业教育与培训系统、人才培养方式、职普关系等维度各有特色。当前，我国要加快推动技能形成，促进产业结构调整；加强工作保护，降低专用技能学习风险；优化中职定位，培育设计型操作人才；强化高职定位，培养分析型与互动型认知专用技能人才。

Abstract:

Skill-formation is a key issue for China to turn from a big manufacturing country into a strong one. With typology method, this study finds that the formation of special skills is faced with the problem of “staff poaching” and “on job protection”. To master high skills requires non-procedural operational and cognitive level. By comparison of skill-formation modes of German’s Vocationalism mode, Japan’s Enterpriser mode, and the U.S. Competency-base mode, we find that each country has its own characteristics on skill types, background, VET system, personnel training mode, and relationship between general and vocational education. At present, China should accelerate the formation of skills to promote industrial restructure, strengthen on job protection to reduce the risk in learning specific skills, optimize the position of the secondary vocational education to cultivate manual workers with designing ability, and intensify the position of the higher vocational education to cultivate technicians with analytical and interpersonal cognitive skills.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2019-10-20