重思硕士培养定位：争论与可能-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: WANG Chuan-yi WANG Yu-qi Yang Jia-le; Institute of Education, Tsinghua University

摘要:: 在高等教育大众化时代，需要对硕士教育进行重新思考。在制度层面虽然对硕士培养定位有着较为明确的表述，但在实践层面硕士却难与博士划出泾渭分明的分界线。从历史发展来看，关于硕士培养定位，有两大问题引起了社会各界的关注和讨论：第一，硕士究竟是过渡性学位还是终结性学位；第二，硕士的质量规格究竟是多元化还是单一化。基于对硕士就业去向、机构分布数据以及相关政策的分析，本研究认为硕士的培养应该定位于：具有过渡性质的终结性学位；在既定的层次(学士之后、博士之前)之中应具有不同的种类，以适应经济社会发展的多样化需求；不同种类之间应具有基准的质量规格，该规格是学术和市场之间的“最大公约数”，能够同时满足二者对高层次人才的能力要求；基准之上，院校职能和专业特性将对质量规格提出特定要求。

Abstract:: In the era of higher education popularization, master’s education needs to be reconsidered. Although there is a clear policy statement on the training orientation of master’s degree programs, it is difficult to differentiate it from doctoral degree programs in practice. From the perspective of historical development, there are two major problems concerning the orientation of master’s education that attract attention from all walks of life. Firstly, should the master's degree be considered as a transitional degree or a final degree? Secondly, should the standards of master's quality be diversified or unitary? Based on the analysis of data on employment outcomes and institutional distribution and relevant policies, this study puts forward that the training orientation of master’s education should as follow:it is a final degree with transitional nature; it contains different types at the preseted level (post-baccalaureate, pre-doctorate) to meet diverse demand of economic and social development; a basic benchmarking standard of quality should be shared across different types, which is the “maximum common denominator” between academia and market that could satisfy the requirements of high-level talents capacity in both settings; and beyond the benchmark, diversified standards should be allowed to incorporate specific institutional functions and professional characteristics.