利益博弈与美国全国教育协会组织制度的变革(1880-1920年)-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Game of Interests and Transformation of NEA’s Organizational System (1880-1920)

Author(s):: ZHANG Bin-xian ZHOU Meng-yuan; Institute of Educational History and Culture, Beijing Normal University

Keywords:: the National Education Association of the United States; organizational system; interest groups; representative assembly

摘要:: 1880-1920年间，美国全国教育协会经历了重大的组织制度变革。国内学界对此尚未有较为系统的专门研究。基于一手文献史料的梳理，在“还原”这个变革过程的基础上，对造成变革的重要内因进行分析。认为随着会员规模和结构的变化，由地方教育管理人员组成的“地方派”和以一线任课教师为代表的“草根派”的权利意识的觉醒以及由此开展的一系列利益博弈，导致原由教育界精英构成的“守旧派”掌控协会的局面发生根本改变，因此协会组织制度重建。1880-1920年间组织制度的变革重塑了美国全国教育协会作为教育社团的性质，为协会今后的发展奠定了坚实基础。

Abstract:: From 1880 to 1920, the National Education Association (NEA) of the United States experienced major organizational changes. There is no systematic study on this transformation in the Chinese literature. Based on first-hand historical materials, this study analyzed the critical internal causes of such changes on the basis of the “reduction” of the transformation process. We argue that, as the change of member size and structure, the “local party” composed by local education administrators and the “grassroots” represented by classroom teachers were awakened and brought about series of interest games, which caused a radical change in the situation dominated by “old guard” composed by education elites. These led to the reconstruction of NEA. The transformation of the organizational system from 1880 to 1920 reshaped NEA’s nature as an educational society and laid a solid foundation for its development in the future.