西方高校“分布式领导”：内涵、实施与成效-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Distributed?Leadership?in?Western?Higher?Education:Connotation,Implementation?and?Effect

Author(s):: CHEN Liang?LIU Wen-jie; 1.Shaanxi Normal University 2.Beihang University

Keywords:: Distributed Leadership in higher education; university management; organization members

摘要:: 高校“分布式领导”是一种旨在强调高校内组织成员基于共同的目标，以地位平等的关系存在于组织系统当中，并利用各自的资源为组织提供优质动态服务的管理方式。高校“分布式领导”的实现需要由“法定权力”向“影响力”、“自上而下”向“多层次相互依存”、“个人身份”向“集体身份”、“管制”向“自治”过渡。实践证明，高校“分布式领导”具有改善组织决策,增强内部问责和建立多元包容的组织文化等积极作用，与此同时也面临着组织权力的忽视、领导问责的缺失和集体领导的“团体迷思”等问题，这些经验对于推动我国高校组织管理的改进具有重要借鉴作用。

Abstract:: The “Distributed Leadership” in higher education institutions is a management approach which emphasizes that members in higher education institutions based on common goals have equal status in the organization system, and use their own resources to provide high quality dynamic services for the organization. In order to realize the distributed leadership in higher education, universities and colleges need to make fundamental changes in four aspects: from “legal power” to “influence”, from “top-down” to “multi-level interdependence”, from “individual identity” to “collective identity”, and from “control” to “autonomy”.Past practices demonstrate that distributed leadership in higher education plays an active role in improving organizational decision-making, enhancing internal accountability and establishing pluralistic organizational culture. At the meantime, it also faces the problems of neglecting organizational power, lacking leadership accountability and the possible group confusion in collective leadership. All these experiences are helpful for improving the organizational management of universities and colleges in China.