从认知科学到学习科学：过去、现状与未来-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: From Cognitive Sciences to Learning Sciences : the Past , the Present and the Future

Author(s):: LI Man-li DING Ruo-xi ZHANG Yu LIU Wei-tong HE Hai-cheng LIU Hui-qin; Institute of Education , Tsinghua University

摘要:: 学习科学是一门探研人的学习问题的交叉学科，计算机科学、教育学、社会学等都是其研究领域，认知科学和信息科学在其孕育、诞生、发展中是最为关键的推动力。在20世纪80年代后期，认知科学研究被更多地纳入教育情境中，因而学习科学诞生了。从1987年第一个学习科学研究所成立到2018年中国脑科学研究计划正式落地，三代认知科学研究都在学习科学的发展史中留下浓墨重彩。本文将从认知科学更迭的角度，对学习科学从1987到2017年间的发展过程和研究重点进行综述，并预测在第四代认知科学崛起的未来，人的学习研究将成为认知研究的新焦点，教育学研究也随之而进入一个新时代。

Abstract:: The purpose of this paper is to identify Learning Sciences, a cross-disciplinary research area, which involves information science, sociology, education and cognitive sciences. The emergence of learning sciences was directly motivated by cognitive science and information. Learning sciences came into being in the late of 1980s, with a transformation of research paradigm from “neat” research to real social and educational worlds happened in cognitive sciences community simultaneously. From the establishment of the first Institute of learning sciences in 1987 to the Human Brain Plan and AI research in this year, the achievements from the three waves of cognitive sciences have left prints deeply on learning sciences. This article reviews the development process and key research topics of learning sciences, and predicts the influence of the fourth wave of cognitive sciences on learning sciences in the near future. Human learning will become the new focus of cognitive research and education as well, which leads education to a new era.