招生倾斜政策下的弱势学生群体：入学机会和教育公平 ——基于某重点大学入学数据的实证研究-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The?Disadvantaged?Students?under?Preferential?Enrollment?Policies:Entrance?Opportunities?and?EducationalEquity——Evidence?from?a?Key?University

Author(s):: WEN Wen¹LIAN Zhi-xin¹YANG Fan²; 1.Institute?of?Education,Tsinghua?University2.Admissions Office,Tsinghua University

Keywords:: college admission; preferential policies; disadvantaged students; access to higher education; inequality

摘要:: 为增加弱势学生群体高等教育入学机会，我国制定了“国家专项”、“少数民族”和“高校专项”等招生倾斜政策，对贫困地区和农村地区的家庭弱势学生进行入学机会上的特殊补偿。本研究通过对某部委直属院校2014级全体新生入学数据和调查问卷数据分析发现，上述多种招生倾斜政策整体上有效，其中政府主导的招生倾斜政策在宏观群体机会补偿方面表现更有效，高校主导的招生政策在微观个体选拔方面更为有效；另外，“国家专项”和“少数民族”中城镇户籍学生并不“弱势”，政策精准性有待提高。

Abstract:: In order to increase the access opportunity for disadvantaged students, China has enacted several policies such as the “National Special Project”, the “Ethnic Minorities Project” and the “Institutional Project”, so as to provide preferential treatments in college admission for disadvantaged students from poor families in poverty-stricken areas and rural areas. Drawing on the enrollment data and survey data of the Cohort 2014 students in a university directly affiliated to the Ministry of Education, this study found that the above preferential policies were overall effective. Government-initiated policies were more effective in reducing the opportunity gap between groups, while institutional policies were more effective in selecting qualified candidates. Additionally, the study found that urban students involved in the “National Special Project” and the “Ethnic Minorities Project” were actually not “disadvantaged”, calling for attention on whether the policies were targeted at the desired population.