高校毕业生就业状况的城乡差异研究-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: An?Empirical?Study?on?the?Employment?Gaps?of?College?Graduates?between?Urban?and?Rural?Background

摘要:: 本文基于2017年全国21省33所高校的抽样调查数据，从就业状况、求职状况、教育状况、入学机会、经济环境等五个方面对高校毕业生的城乡差异进行了统计分析。实证研究的主要结论为：城镇户口学生上“985”和“211”等重点高校的机会是农村户口学生的2倍多；城镇户口毕业生的月起薪比农村户口毕业生的月起薪平均高14.4%；城镇户口毕业生的求职努力、求职意向和期望起薪都更高；尽管在成绩排名、奖学金、专业兴趣、学习时间投入等学业表现方面，城乡之间不存在显著的差异，但是城镇户口学生在能力增值方面自我评价更好。城乡差异的原因既表现在人力资本和社会资本等特征水平上，也与家庭所在地资本有关。

Abstract:: Based on a national scale survey of 33 universities in 21 provinces of China in 2017，this study analyzes the employment gaps, job searching gaps, academic performance gaps, entrance opportunity gaps, economical resource gaps of college graduates between urban and rural Background. The empirical research results find that: urban students have twice as much the chance of entering into “985” and “211” elite universities as rural students have; the monthly starting salary premium of urban college graduates is 14.4%; urban college graduates devote more effort in job search and have higher expectation of job and initial salary; although there is no significant gaps in grade ranking, scholarship, professional interest, and study time, urban college graduates give higher self-evaluation on ability improvement in university. The gaps between urban and rural graduates are mainly due to the differences in human capitals and social capitals, as well as capitals related to the family origins.