日本和美国的校舍安全政策及其启示-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Dormitory?Safety?Policies?in?Japan?and?the?United?States?and?its?Implications

Author(s):: YANG Yu; School?of?Laws?and?Politics,Northeast?Normal?University

Keywords:: dormitory safety; security system; legal system; supervising system; disaster prevention education

摘要:: 校舍安全是校园安全的重要组成部分。本文考察了日本和美国校园安全的先进经验和制度设计，详细介绍并分析了其法律框架、教育制度等内容。日本的成功经验在于校舍补强防灾计划、防灾法律体系、文部科学省的学校设施安全管理、校舍安全制度系统等。美国则在联邦政府层面构建了以《菲尔德法案》为代表的校舍安全法律体系、校舍建设财政体系、校舍建筑审批及质量监理体系，同时各州政府都有相关配套措施。日本和美国的校舍安全保障制度、法律、管理和教育等对我国校舍安全工作具有重要的借鉴意义。

Abstract:: Dormitory safety is an important component of campus safety. This study scrutinizes the advanced experience and system design of Japan and the United States with regards to campus safety including introduction and analysis of its legal framework, educational system and etc. Japan’s successful experience includes strengthening disaster prevention plan, legal system of disaster prevention, safety management of school facilities of Education Ministry and so forth. The United States constructs the dormitory safety legal system, the dormitory building financial system, and the approval and quality supervising system based on the Field Act at federal government level. Each state enacts related supplementary measures. The security system, law, management and education of dormitory safety has an important referential value for China’s building of dormitory safety system.