美国实践自由教育的新理论与新模式-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Theory and Model of Practical Liberal Education in the United States

Author(s):: Liu Min¹ Zhang Huan²Wang Chen¹; 1.Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal Unierstiy, Beijing2. Institute of China Education and Social Development

摘要:: 传统自由教育追求个人理性的完善和知识体系的完备。20世纪80年代以来，美国学者重新探讨了自由教育历史发展中雄辩家传统下的实践观念，从而形成了一条解释传统自由教育的新理路。这条新理路充分认可多元化，重新关注道德价值及服务，重视社区参与及公民意识，推行探究式教学等，进而催生了实践自由教育模式的出现。该模式与服务性学习、参与性学习等新教学理论结合，成为美国自由教育传统面向未来进行革新与发展中不可忽视的新趋势。在这一革新过程中，美国克拉克大学首先明确提出了自由教育与有效实践的结合，在理论、组织及实施等多方面提供了可资分析的案例。关注实践自由教育的新变化，有助于国内高等教育改革者进一步探寻自由教育教学整合与改革的新方向和新途径。

Abstract:: The traditional liberal education focuses on personal perfection of rational thinking as well as an integrated system of knowledge. Since 1980s, the practical idea of rhetoricians in the development process of liberal education has been widely discussed among American scholars and this helps to develop a new theory to explain liberal education. This new theory fully recognizes diversification and refocuses on ethic and values, as well as emphasizes community participation and widely spreads inquiry teaching. Therefore it expedites the mode of practical liberal education. Combined with engaged learning and service learning, this mode forms a significant trend in the reform and development of the liberal education. In this process, the University of Clark was the first to illustrate explicitly the combination of liberal education and effective practices. Research on the change of western liberal education would inspire the domestic education reformers to further explore the teaching reform and integration of high education.