十年教育均衡之路 ——对高中名额分配招生政策效果的自然实验研究 -清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Way towards Education Equity in the Past Decade: A Natural Experimental Analysis on the Effect of High School Quota Admission Policy

Author(s):: ZHANG Yu¹ QIN Fei¹ LIU Juan-juan¹; 1. Institute of Education, Tsinghua University2. Primary School Attached to Beijing University

Keywords:: High School Quota Admission Policy; education equity; education quality; natural experiment; difference-in-differences model

摘要:: :提高教育均衡水平、破解小升初择校难题是过去十年来我国教育改革的重大命题。高中名额分配招生政策就是为破解择校难题、提高生源均衡水平而进行的一项制度创新。基于济南市近十年的中考数据,应用自然实验和双重差分分析方法,本文尝试对这一在全国范围内实施十年的招生政策效果进行评估,并得出结论:该政策既显著提高了初中生源均衡水平,同时还提高了初中的教育质量（中考成绩）和高中的教育质量（高考升学率）,即在教育领域,公平与效率可以兼得。

Abstract:: Improving education equity and solving the issue of school choice has been crucial challenges faced by Chinese education reform. High School Quota Admission (HSQA) policy attempts to address these issues. Based on almost ten-year longitudinal data from Jinan City, this study applies natural experimental design and difference-in-differences model to evaluate this policy, which has been implemented for over ten years nationwide. The conclusion of this study is that this HSQA policy significantly improves equity level at middle school, and significantly improves education quality at both middle school and high school levels. This implies that education equity and efficiency can be achieved simultaneously.