有组织科研:美国科教政策变革新趋势 ——基于《无尽的前沿:未来75年的科学》的分析-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Organized Scientific Research: New Trends in U.S.Science and Education Policy Change ——Analysis Based on “Endless Frontiers: 75 Years of the Future of Science”

Author(s):: ZHOU Guang-li YAO Rui; School of Education, Renmin University of China

Keywords:: science and education policy; organized research; basic research; research system; research universities

摘要:: 为纪念《科学:无尽的前沿》发表75周年,美国国家科学院出版《无尽的前沿:未来75年的科学》报告,对美国科研发展进行反思与展望。报告分析了美国科研发展面临的挑战:全球科研竞争日趋激烈,美国科研对其他国家的优势缩小;公共投资不足影响美国关键科技领域创新。为提升美国全球科研竞争力,报告倡议在国家科学基金会成立科学与技术部门,投资关键技术领域,开展战略性研究,同时拓展大学伙伴关系,推进研究型大学有组织科研,完善科研生态系统,体现了美国科教政策变革的有组织科研取向。我国应借鉴美国经验,构建新型国家科研体制,加强科研资助,发挥政府在科研创新共同体中的统筹协调作用,鼓励高水平研究型大学开展应用导向的基础研究。

Abstract:: To commemorate the 75th anniversary of the publication of “Science: The Endless Frontier”, the American National Academy of Sciences published the report named “The Endless Frontier: The Next 75 Years in Science”, reflecting on and looking ahead to the development of American’s scientific research. The report analyzes the challenges facing American scientific research: increasing global competition, narrowing the gap between American research and other countries; and insufficient public investment affecting U.S. innovation in key science and technology areas. To enhance the global competitiveness of American scientific research, the report advocates the establishment of a science and technology department at the National Science Foundation to invest in key technology areas and conduct strategic research, while expanding university partnerships, promoting organized research at research universities, and improving the research ecosystem, which reflect the organized research orientation of American science and education policy changes. Learning from American experience, China should build a new national research system, strengthen research funding, play a coordinating role of the government in the research and innovation community, and encourage high-level research universities to implement application-oriented basic research.

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