荷兰天才儿童的早期发现与培养机制探析-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Early Detection and Cultivation Mechanism of Gifted Students in the Netherlands

Author(s):: FANG Fang ZHONG Bing-lin; Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University

Keywords:: The Netherlands; gifted students; early detection; cultivation mechanism

摘要:: 荷兰具有高度分层的教育体系,其天才教育的政策演进经历了发端期、探索期和创新期三个阶段。荷兰基于卡特尔-霍恩-卡罗尔理论和交叉电池评估方法的相关理念,在天才儿童的早期发现和甄选机制上,主要采用智力测试、非语言能力测试和创造力测试等识别工具;同时将来自教师、家长、同伴和学生本人等多方主体的提名视为识别高天赋学生的另一种有效渠道。荷兰对于天才儿童主要采用隔离式和融合式两种安置方式,并通过加速和充实两种模式对其进行培养。荷兰天才儿童早期发现和培养机制的经验及特征体现在:贯彻天才教育新理念并关注潜在的天才儿童;倡导融合教育为主的安置方式以兼顾天才儿童和普通儿童的共同发展;基于趋同差异化和发散差异化两种策略优化培养模式;面向天才儿童开展循证教学以确保培养效果的可持续性。

Abstract:: Education in the Netherlands has a highly layered system. The policy evolution of gifted education in the Netherlands has undergone three stages: the initial, exploration, and innovation periods. Based on the Cartel-Horn-Carroll theory and the relevant concepts of the cross-battery assessment approach, the Netherlands mainly uses intelligence tests, non-verbal ability tests, and creativity tests as the identification tools in the early detection and selection of gifted students. At the same time, it considers the nomination from teachers, parents, guardians, peers, and students as another effective channel for identifying talented students. The Netherlands mainly adopts two types of placement for gifted students, isolation and integration, and two types of cultivation, acceleration and enrichment. Experiences from the Netherlands' early detection and cultivation mechanism of gifted children include: carrying out the new concept of gifted education and paying attention to the potential gifted students, moving from isolation to integration in terms of placement, combining the ideas of convergent differentiation and divergent differentiation in the cultivation, and conducting evidence-based teaching for gifted children to ensure the long-term effectiveness of education.